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Experimental Models of Glioma

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Glioma Cell Biology

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Abstract

The development and refinement of animal models of gliomagenesis has been fundamental to test hypotheses concerning the etiology of gliomas and their molecular and cellular pathogenesis. During the last few decades, modeling has gained in complexity and is nowadays mostly relying on the cell type-specific modulation of the expression of candidate oncogenes and oncosuppressors. Despite such technological advances, the recent appreciation of the molecular heterogeneity underlying human high-grade glioma variability revealed the need for a deeper characterization of the available models. It is now clear that most of the existing animal systems mimic one of the human molecular classes, known as “proneural,” leaving the other groups underrepresented. While there is thus the need for an expansion of the range of available models, existing ones have already proven useful as translational research platforms, allowing preliminary assessment of the efficacy of classical and innovative therapeutic approaches. In this contribution, we provide a general view of the field and synthesize our understanding of the biology of the most thoroughly studied model family, that of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-induced gliomas.

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Abbreviations

bFGF:

basic fibroblast growth factor

CSF:

Colony-stimulating factor

EGF:

Epidermal growth factor

EGFR:

EGF receptor

GFAP:

Glial fibrillary acidic protein

GIC:

Glioma-initiating cells

NF1:

Neurofibromin-1

OPC:

Oligodendrocyte progenitor cell

PDGF:

Platelet-derived growth factor

PDGFR:

PDGF receptor

PI3K:

Phosphatidylinositide-3-kinase

PTEN:

Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted from chromosome 10

Rb:

Retinoblastoma protein

RG:

Radial glia

RGC:

Radial glia cell

RTK:

Receptor tyrosine kinase

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy

    Paolo Malatesta

  2. IRCCS AOU San Martino – IST, Genoa, Italy

    Paolo Malatesta & Irene Appolloni

  3. Institute for Stem Cell Research, National Research Center for Environment and Health, Neuherberg, Germany

    Filippo Calzolari

Authors
  1. Paolo Malatesta
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  2. Filippo Calzolari
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  3. Irene Appolloni
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Correspondence to Paolo Malatesta or Filippo Calzolari .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Biochemistry and Experimental Oncology, Charles University Prague 1st Faculty of Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic

    Aleksi Sedo

  2. Anatomisches Institut, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany

    Rolf Mentlein

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Malatesta, P., Calzolari, F., Appolloni, I. (2014). Experimental Models of Glioma. In: Sedo, A., Mentlein, R. (eds) Glioma Cell Biology. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-1431-5_13

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