Skip to main content

Hypoxic Storage of Fruit

  • Chapter
  • First Online:

Part of the book series: Plant Cell Monographs ((CELLMONO,volume 21))

Abstract

Controlled and modified atmosphere storage are popular technologies to extend the storage life of fruit and vegetables, and pome fruit in particular. They aim at lowering the respiratory activity of the product by reducing and increasing the O2 and CO2 partial pressures, respectively, in addition to applying a low temperature. The optimal gas composition is critical, as a too low O2 partial pressure in combination with a too high CO2 partial pressure may induce off-flavours and storage disorders in the fruit. In this chapter, we will investigate the physiological processes in fruit exposed to hypoxic conditions during controlled or modified atmosphere storage. We will pay particular attention to storage disorders that may develop as a consequence of severe hypoxia.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  • Amarante C, Banks NH, Ganesh S (2001) Relationship between character of skin cover of coated pears and permeance to water vapour and gases. Postharvest Biol Technol 21:291–301

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Amiot MJ, Tacchini M, Aubert S, Nicolas J (1992) Phenolic composition and browning susceptibility of various apple cultivars at maturity. J Food Sci 4:958–962

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Angós I, Vírseda P, Fernández T (2008) Control of respiration and color modification on minimally processed potatoes by means of low and high O2/CO2 atmospheres. Postharvest Biol Technol 48:422–430

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Argenta LC, Fan X, Mattheis JP (2002) Responses of ‘Fuji’ apples to short and long duration exposure to elevated CO2 concentration. Postharvest Biol Technol 24:13–24

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Arzani K, Khoshghalb H, Malakouti MJ, Barzegar M (2009) Polyphenoloxidase activity, polyphenol and ascorbic acid concentrations and internal browning in Asian pear (Pyrus serotina Rehd.) fruit during storage in relation to time of harvest. Eur J Hortic Sci 74(2):61–65

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Blokhina O, Fagerstedt KV (2010) Oxidative metabolism, ROS and NO under oxygen deprivation. Plant Physiol Biochem 48:359–373

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Caleb OJ, Mahajan PV, Opara UL, Witthuhn CR (2012) Modelling the respiration rates of pomegranate fruit and arils. Postharvest Biol Technol 64:49–54

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cameron AC, Yang S (1982) A simple method for the determination of resistance to gas diffusion in plant organs. Plant Physiol 70:21–23

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cheng Q, Banks NH, Nicholson SE, Kingsley AM, Mackay BR (1998) Effect of temperature on gas exchange of ‘Braeburn’ apples. NZ J Crop Hortic Sci 26:299–306

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Conesa A, Verlinden BE, Artés-Hernández F, Nicolaï BM, Artés F (2007) Respiration rates of fresh-cut bell peppers under superatmospheric and low oxygen with or without high carbon dioxide. Postharvest Biol Technol 45:81–88

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • de Castro E, Barrett DM, Jobling J, Mitcham EJ (2008) Biochemical factors associated with a CO2-induced flesh browning disorder of Pink Lady apples. Postharvest Biol Technol 48:182–191

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dixon RA, Paiva NL (1995) Stress-induced phenylpropanoid metabolism. Plant Cell 7:1085–1097

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • East AR, Trejo Araya XI, Hertog MLATM, Nicholson SE, Mawson AJ (2009) The effect of controlled atmospheres on respiration and rate of quality change in ‘Unique’ feijoa fruit. Postharvest Biol Technol 53:66–71

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Felicetti E, Mattheis JP, Zhu Y, Fellman JK (2011) Dynamics of ascorbic acid in ‘Braeburn’ and ‘Gala’ apples during on-tree development and storage in atmospheres conducive to internal browning development. Postharvest Biol Technol 61:95–102

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fernández-Trujillo JP, Nock JF, Watkins CB (2001) Superficial scald, carbon dioxide injury and changes of fermentation products and organic acids in ‘Cortland’ and ‘Law Rome’ apples after high carbon dioxide stress treatment. J Am Soc Hortic Sci 126:235–241

    Google Scholar 

  • Franck C, Baetens M, Lammertyn J, Verboven P, Nicolaï BM (2003a) Ascorbic acid content during fruit development and postharvest storage of conference pears. J Agric Food Chem 51:4757–4763

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Franck C, Baetens M, Lammertyn J, Scheerlinck N, Nicolaï BM (2003b) Ascorbic acid mapping to study core breakdown. Postharvest Biol Technol 30:133–142

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Franck C, Lammertyn J, Ho QT, Verboven P, Verlinden B, Nicolaï BM (2007) Browning disorders in pear: a review. Postharvest Biol Technol 43:1–13

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gong Y, Toivonen PMA, Lau OL, Wiersma PA (2001) Antioxidant system level in ‘Braeburn’ apple is related to its browning disorder. Bot Bull Acad Sin 42:259–264

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gwanpua SG, Verlinden BE, Hertog MLATM, Bulens I, Van de Poel B, Van Impe J, Nicolaï BM, Geeraerd AH (2012) Kinetic modeling of firmness breakdown in ‘Braeburn’ apples stored under different controlled atmosphere conditions. Postharvest Biol Technol 67:68–74

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Helena Gomes M, Beaudry RM, Almeida DPF, Xavier Malcata F (2010) Modelling respiration of packaged fresh-cut ‘Rocha’ pear as affected by oxygen concentration and temperature. J Food Eng 96:74–79

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hernández-Sánchez N, Hills BP, Barreiro P, Marigheto N (2007) An NMR study on internal browning in pears. Postharvest Biol Technol 44:260–270

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hertog MLATM, Peppelenbos HW, Evelo RG, Tijskens LM (1998) A dynamic and generic model on the gas exchange of respiring produce: the effects of oxygen, carbon dioxide and temperature. Postharvest Biol Technol 14:335–349

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ho QT, Verboven P, Verlinden BE, Lammertyn J, Vandewalle S, Nicolaï BM (2008) A continuum model for metabolic gas exchange in pear fruit. PLoS Comput Biol 4(3):e1000023

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ho QT, Verboven P, Verlinden BE, Nicolaï BM (2010a) A model for gas transport in pear fruit at multiple scales. J Exp Bot 61:2071–2081

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ho QT, Verboven P, Verlinden B, Schenk A, Delele M, Rolletschek H, Vercammen J, Nicolaï BM (2010b) Genotype effects on internal gas gradients in apple fruit. J Exp Bot 61:2745–2755

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ho QT, Verboven P, Verlinden BE, Herremans E, Wevers M, Carmeliet J, Nicolaï BM (2011) A 3-D multiscale model for gas exchange in fruit. Plant Physiol 155(3):1158–1168

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ho QT, Verboven P, Verlinden BE, Schenk A, Nicolaï BM (2013) Controlled atmosphere storage may lead to local ATP deficiency in apple. Postharvest Biol Technol 78:103–112

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Iqbal T, Rodrigues FAS, Mahajan PV, Kerry JP (2009) Mathematical modeling of the influence of temperature and gas composition on the respiration rate of shredded carrots. J Food Eng 91:325–332

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • James HJ, Jobling JJ (2009) Contrasting the structure and morphology of the radial and diffuse flesh browning disorders and CO2 injury of ‘Cripps Pink’ apples. Postharvest Biol Technol 53:36–42

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kader AA (1988) Respiration and gas exchange of vegetables. In: Weichmann J (ed) Postharvest physiology of vegetables. Marcel Dekker, New York, pp 25–43

    Google Scholar 

  • Kays SJ (1991) Postharvest physiology of perishable plant products. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Ke D, van Gorsel H, Kader AA (1990) Physiological and quality responses of ‘Bartlett’ pears to reduced O2 and enhanced CO2 levels and storage temperature. J Am Soc Hortic Sci 115:435–439

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kubo Y, Inaba A, Nakamura R (1990) Respiration and ethylene production in various harvested crops held in CO2-enriches atmospheres. J Am Soc Hortic Sci 115:975–978

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lammertyn J (2001) A respiration-diffusion model to study core breakdown in conference pears. PhD dissertation, KU Leuven

    Google Scholar 

  • Lammertyn J, Aerts M, Verlinden BE, Schotsmans W, Nicolaï BM (2000) Logistic regression analysis of factors influencing core breakdown in ‘Conference’ pears. Postharvest Biol Technol 20:25–37

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lammertyn J, Franck C, Verlinden BE, Nicolaï BM (2001) Comparative study of the O2, CO2 and temperature effect on respiration between ‘Conference’ pear cells in suspension and intact pears. J Exp Bot 52:1769–1777

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lammertyn J, Dresselaers T, Van Hecke P, Jancsók P, Wevers M, Nicolaï BM (2003a) MRI and X-ray CT study of spatial distribution of core breakdown in ‘Conference pears’. Magn Reson Imaging 21:805–815

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lammertyn J, Scheerlinck N, Jancsók P, Verlinden BE, Nicolaï BM (2003b) A respiration–diffusion model for Conference pears I: model development and validation. Postharvest Biol Technol 30:29–42

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lapsley KG, Escher FE, Hoehn E (1992) The cellular structure of selected apple varieties. Food Struct 11:339–349

    Google Scholar 

  • Lee DS, Haggar PE, Lee J, Yam KL (1991) Model of fresh produce respiration in modified atmospheres based on principles of enzyme kinetics. J Food Sci 56:1580–1585

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lee J, Mattheis JP, Rudell DR (2012) Antioxidant treatment alters metabolism associated with internal browning in ‘Braeburn’ apples during controlled atmosphere storage. Postharvest Biol Technol 68:32–42

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Luengwilai K, Sukjamsai K, Kader AA (2007) Responses of ‘Clemenules Clementine’ and ‘W. Murcott’ mandarins to low oxygen atmospheres. Postharvest Biol Technol 44:48–54

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mannapperuma JD, Singh RP, Montero ME (1991) Simultaneous gas diffusion and chemical reaction in foods stored in modified atmospheres. J Food Eng 14:167–183

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Martínez-Sánchez A, Tudela JA, Luna C, Allende A, Gil MI (2011) Low oxygen levels and light exposure affect quality of fresh-cut Romaine lettuce. Postharvest Biol Technol 59:34–42

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mathew AG, Parpia HAB (1971) Food browning as a polyphenol reaction. Adv Food Nutr Res 19:75–145

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mattheis JP, Rudell DR (2008) Diphenylamine metabolism in ‘Braeburn’ apples stored under conditions conducive to the development of internal browning. J Agric Food Chem 56:3381–3385

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mayer AM (1987) Polyphenoloxidase in plants-recent progress. Phytochemistry 26:11–20

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McGlone VA, Martinsen PJ, Clark CJ, Jordan RB (2005) On-line detection of brown heart in Braeburn apples using near infrared transmission measurements. Postharvest Biol Technol 37:142–151

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mendoza F, Verboven P, Mebatsion HK, Kerckhofs G, Wevers M, Nicolaï BM (2007) Three-dimensional pore space quantification of apple tissue using X-ray computed microtomography. Planta 226:559–570

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Millar AH, Bergersen FJ, Day DA (1994) Oxygen affinity of terminal oxidases in soybean mitochondria. Plant Physiol Biochem 32:847–852

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Neuwald DA, Kittemann D, Streif J (2008) Possible Prediction of physiological storage disorders in ‘Braeburn’ apples comparing fruit of different orchards. In Streif J, McCormick R (eds) Proceedings of the international conference on ripening regulation and postharvest fruit quality. Acta horticultute, vol 796. ISHS, Belgium

    Google Scholar 

  • Nicolaï BM, Beullens K, Bobelyn E, Peirs A, Saeys W, Theron KI, Lammertyn J (2007) Nondestructive measurement of fruit and vegetable quality by means of NIR spectroscopy: a review. Postharvest Biol Technol 46:99–118

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nicolas J, Richard-Forget FC, Goupy P, Amiot M, Aubert S (1994) Enzymatic browning reactions in apple and apple products. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 34:109–157

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Park YM (1991) Seasonal changes in resistance to gas diffusion of McIntosh apples in relation to development of lenticel structure. J Korean Soc Hortic Sci 32:329–334

    Google Scholar 

  • Pedreschi R, Vanstreels E, Carpentier S, Hertog M, Lammertyn J, Robben J, Noben J, Swennen R, Vanderleyden J, Nicolaï BM (2007) Proteomic analysis of core breakdown disorder in Conference pears (Pyrus communis L.). Proteomics 7(12):2083–2099

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pedreschi R, Hertog M, Robben J, Noben JP, Nicolaï BM (2008) Physiological implications of controlled atmosphere storage of ‘Conference’ pears (Pyrus communis L.): a proteomic approach. Postharvest Biol Technol 50:110–116

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pedreschi R, Franck C, Lammertyn J, Erban A, Kopka J, Hertog M, Verlinden BE, Nicolaï BM (2009) Metabolic profiling of ‘Conference’ pears under low oxygen stress. Postharvest Biol Technol 51(2):123–130

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Peppelenbos HW, van’t Leven J (1996) Evaluation of four types of inhibition for modeling the influence of carbon dioxide on oxygen consumption of fruit and vegetables. Postharvest Biol Technol 7:27–40

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Peppelenbos HW, Tijskens LMM, van’t Leven J, Wikinson EC (1996) Modeling oxidative and fermentative carbon dioxide production of fruits and vegetables. Postharvest Biol Technol 9:283–295

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Saquet AA, Streif J, Bangerth F (2000) Changes in ATP, ADP and pyridine nucleotide levels related to the incidence of physiological disorders in ‘Conference’ pears and ‘Jonagold’ apples during controlled atmosphere storage. J Hortic Sci Biotechnol 75:243–249

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Saquet AA, Streif J, Bangerth F (2003) Energy metabolism and membrane lipid alterations in relation to brown heart development in Conference pears during delayed controlled atmosphere storage. Postharvest Biol Technol 30:123–132

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schenk A (2007) Advies bewaaromstandigheden 2007. Fruitteeltnieuws 20:12–16

    Google Scholar 

  • Schotsmans W, Verlinden BE, Lammertyn J, Nicolaï BM (2004) The relationship between gas transport properties and the histology of apple. J Sci Food Agric 84:1131–1140

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Singh SP, Pal RK (2008) Controlled atmosphere storage of guava (Psidium guajava L.) fruit. Postharvest Biol Technol 47:296–306

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thompson AK (1998) Controlled atmosphere storage of fruits and vegetables. CAB International, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Toivonen PMA, Wiersma PA, Gong YP, Lau OL (2003) Levels of antioxidant enzymes and lipid soluble antioxidants are associated with susceptibility to internal browning in ‘Braeburn’ apples. Acta Hortic 600:57–61

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Veltman RH, Sanders MG, Persijn ST, Peppelenbos HW, Oosterhaven J (1999a) Decreased ascorbic acid levels and brown core development in pears (Pyrus communis cv. communis). Physiol Plant 107:39–45

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Veltman RH, Larrigaudiere C, Wichers HJ, Van Schaik ACR, Van der Plas LHW, Oosterhaven J (1999b) PPO activity and polyphenol content are not limiting factors during brown cove development in pears (Pyrus communis L. cv. Conference). J Plant Physiol 154:697–702

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Veltman RH, Lentheric I, Van der Plas LHW, Peppelenbos HW (2003) Browning in pear fruit (Pyrus communis L. cv Conference) may be a result of a limited availability of energy and antioxidants. Postharvest Biol Technol 28:295–302

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Veraverbeke EA, Lammertyn J, Saevels S, Nicolaï BM (2001) Changes in chemical wax composition of three different apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) cultivars during storage. Postharvest Biol Technol 23:197–208

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Verboven P, Kerckhofs G, Mebatsion HK, Ho QT, Temst K, Wevers M, Cloetens P, Nicolaï BM (2008) 3-D gas exchange pathways in pome fruit characterised by synchrotron X-ray computed tomography. Plant Physiol 147:518–527

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wang CY, Wang PC (1989) Nondestructive detection of core breakdown in ‘Bartlett’ pears with nuclear magnetic resonance imaging. HortScience 24:106–109

    Google Scholar 

  • Wills R, McGlasson B, Graham D, Joyce D (1998) Postharvest, an introduction to the physiology and handling of fruit, vegetables and ornamentals. CAB International, Wallingford

    Google Scholar 

  • Yahia EM (2006) Modified and controlled atmospheres for tropical fruits. Stewart Postharvest Rev 5:1–10

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors thank the Research Council of the K.U. Leuven (OT 08/023), the Flanders Fund for Scientific Research (project G.0603.08) and the Institute for the Promotion of Innovation by Science and Technology in Flanders (project IWT-050633, IWT scholarship SB/0991469) for financial support. Quang Tri Ho is postdoctoral fellow of the Flanders Fund for Scientific Research (FWO Vlaanderen).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Bart M. Nicolaï .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2014 Springer-Verlag Wien

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Ho, Q.T., Buts, K., Herremans, E., Hertog, M.L.A.T.M., Verboven, P., Nicolaï, B.M. (2014). Hypoxic Storage of Fruit. In: van Dongen, J., Licausi, F. (eds) Low-Oxygen Stress in Plants. Plant Cell Monographs, vol 21. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-1254-0_18

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics