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Animal Lectins: Form, Function and Clinical Applications pp 351–379Cite as

I-Type Lectins: Sialoadhesin Family

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Abstract

Sialic acids are a family of α-keto acids with nine-carbon backbones. Sialic acids are acidic monosaccharides typically found at the outermost ends of the sugar chains of animal glycoconjugates. Sialic acids belong to most important molecules of higher animals and also occur in some microorganisms. Their structural diversity is high and, correspondingly, the mechanisms for their biosynthesis complex. Sialic acids are involved in a great number of cell functions. They are bound to complex carbohydrates and occupy prominent positions, especially in cell membranes. However, receptors or adhesion molecules mediating such functions between eukaryotic cells were unknown until 1985, when it was found that the members of the selectin family mediate adhesion of leukocytes to specific endothelia through binding to sialylated glycans like sialyl Lewis. Sialic acids are expressed abundantly in animals of deuterostome lineage (primarily in echinoderms and vertebrates), but their expression in another major group of animals, the protostomes (including nematodes, arthropods, and mollusks), is inconspicuous. They are found mostly at distal positions of oligosaccharide chains of glycoproteins and glycolipids and are thus exposed to the extracellular environment, allowing them to be recognized during initial contact of cells with various pathogenic agents such as viruses, bacteria, protozoa, and toxins. The marked structural complexity of sialic acids can thus be interpreted as a result of evolutionary arms race between the hosts and the pathogens.

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    G. S. Gupta (Former Professor and Chairman)

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Gupta, G.S. (2012). I-Type Lectins: Sialoadhesin Family. In: Animal Lectins: Form, Function and Clinical Applications. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-1065-2_16

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