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Melanoma Stem Cells

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Melanoma Development

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Abstract

The hypothesis that tumor initiation and growth are driven by a subpopulation of malignant cells, that is, cancer stem cells (CSCs), has received considerable attention. The CSC concept predicts that the design of novel therapies that ablate CSCs or target CSC-specific protumorigenic signaling pathways might result in more durable therapeutic responses in cancer patients than those achieved by therapeutic approaches targeted predominantly at non-CSC tumor bulk populations. Evidence for the existence of CSCs has been generated in a broad range of human malignancies, including in human melanomas as malignant melanoma-initiating cells (MMICs). Several recent studies have documented a specific relationship of MMICs to melanoma progression and therapeutic resistance. Moreover, proof-of-principle for the potential therapeutic utility of targeting MMICs has been provided by demonstrating that selective killing of MMICs can inhibit tumor growth. The biological mechanisms by which MMICs may fuel the tumorigenic process have recently started to be elucidated. In this chapter, we will discuss the potential importance of these translationally relevant research developments for the identification of novel therapeutic targets and prognostic biomarkers in human malignant melanoma.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by National Cancer Institute, NIH, grants 1RO1CA113796, 1RO1CA138231, and 2P50CA093683. T. Schatton is supported by an Outrun the Sun, Inc. 2010 National Melanoma Research Scholar Award.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Dermatology, Harvard Skin Disease Research Center, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, 02115, MA, USA

    Markus H. Frank

  2. Transplantation Research Center, Children’s Hospital Boston & Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, 02115, MA, USA

    Markus H. Frank

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  1. Tobias Schatton
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  2. Markus H. Frank
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Correspondence to Markus H. Frank .

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  1. , Molecular Pathology, Institute of Pathololgy, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, Regensburg, 93053, Germany

    Anja Bosserhoff

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Schatton, T., Frank, M.H. (2011). Melanoma Stem Cells. In: Bosserhoff, A. (eds) Melanoma Development. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-0371-5_12

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