Zusammenfassung
Obwohl die Vereinigten Staaten über zweihundert Jahre mit Masseneinwanderung und den damit zusammenhängenden Fragen der Integration (incorporation) Erfahrung haben, begann eine systematische sozialwissenschaftliche Beschäftigung mit Migrationsproblemen und ihre theoretisch-empirische Durchdringung erst vor weniger als 100 Jahren mit Robert Park’s einflussreichem Assimilationskonzept, das — obschon von den herrschenden Vorurteilen seiner Zeit geprägt — bis in die 70er Jahre des 20. Jahrhunderts großen Einfluss auf die Forschung hatte. Gründe für diese relativ lange Periode theoretischer Stagnation sind u.a. der spürbare Rückgang der amerikanischen Einwanderungszahlen als Ergebnis restriktiver Einwanderungspolitik und die Folgen der Weltwirtschaftskrise 1929. Auch nach dem Ende des 2. Weltkriegs hielt die Phase relativ niedriger Einwanderung bis in die 60er Jahre an. Der überwiegend europäische Charakter der Einwanderung, darunter viele antikommunistische Flüchtlinge und Personen mit bürgerlichem Hintergrund, gaben keinen Anlass, am gängigen Assimilationskonzept zu zweifeln.
Der Autor ist dankbar für nützliche Anregungen durch Andreas Treichler, Daniel Levy und Jürgen Fijalkowski.
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Kurthen, H. (2002). Einwandererintegration im Spiegel der U.S. Amerikanischen Forschung. In: Treichler, A. (eds) Wohlfahrtsstaat, Einwanderung und ethnische Minderheiten. VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, Wiesbaden. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-663-11875-6_6
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