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Gegen Kultur Schreiben

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Part of the book series: Geschlecht und Gesellschaft ((GUG,volume 2))

Zusammenfassung

Kultur schreiben (Writing Culture) heißt der Sammelband, mit dem eine wichtige neue Form der Kritik an den Prämissen der Kulturanthropologie begann (Clifford; Marcus 1986). Doch schloß er zwei wesentliche Gruppen aus, deren Lage genau die grundlegendsten dieser Voraussetzungen bloßlegt und in Frage stellt: Feministinnen und „halfies“ — Personen, deren nationale oder kulturelle Identität aufgrund von Migration, Erziehung im Ausland oder ihrer Abstammung gemischt ist1. In seiner Einleitung entschuldigt sich Clifford für das Fehlen der Feministinnen; niemand erwähnt die halfies oder die autochthonen Anthropologlnnen, die ihnen nahestehen. Vielleicht sind sie noch nicht zahlreich genug oder sie haben sich noch nicht ausreichend selbst als Gruppe definiert.2 Die Bedeutung dieser beiden Gruppen liegt nicht in einem höheren moralischen Anspruch oder einer besonderen Befähigung zur Anthropologie, sondern in den spezifischen Dilemmata, denen sie gegenüberstehen. Diese Dilemmata lassen die Probleme deutlich hervortreten, die sich aus der Annahme der Kulturanthropologie von einem grundlegenden Unterschied zwischen dem Selbst und dem Anderen ergeben.

Niemand von den vielen Leuten, denen ich für die Unterhaltungen, auf denen ich über die Jahre aufgebaut habe, Dank schulde, sollte dafür verantwortlich gemacht werden, was ich daraus gemacht habe. Als Mellon Fellow an der University of Pennslvania zog ich Gewinn aus Diskussionen mit Arjun Appadurai, Carol Breckenridge und verschiedenen anderen Teilnehmerinnen an dem Seminar “Orientalism and Beyond” des South Asia Program. Ich bin auch den Mitgliedern des Gender Seminar 1987–88 am Institute for Advanced Study dankbar für Diskussionen. Dan Rosenberg gab mir erste Anstöße, kritisch über die Parallelen zwischen “Kultur” und “Rasse” nachzudenken. Weiterhin danke ich Tim Mitchell u.a. an der School of American Research. Letztlich hat mich aber die Großzügigkeit der Awlad ‘Ali-Familien in Ägypten, mit denen ich zusammengelebt habe, veranlaßt, nach Wegen zu suchen, um die Vorstellungen vom Anderssein zu untergraben. Mein jüngster längerer Aufenthalt bei ihnen wurde durch einen Fulbright Islamic Civilization Award ermöglicht.

Dieser Artikel erschien in englischer Fassung unter dem Titel:“Writing Against Culture”. In: Fox, Richard G. Hg. (1991): Recapturing Anthropology: Working in the Present. Santa Fe, S. 137–162.

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Abu-Lughod, L. (1996). Gegen Kultur Schreiben. In: Lenz, I., Germer, A., Hasenjürgen, B. (eds) Wechselnde Blicke. Geschlecht und Gesellschaft, vol 2. VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, Wiesbaden. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-663-11818-3_2

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