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Maßnahmen zur Gesundheitsförderung von Pflegebedürftigen nach dem Leitfaden Prävention: Kognition

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Gesundheitsförderung und Präventionsarbeit im Pflegeheim

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Zusammenfassung

Personen in Pflegeeinrichtungen leiden häufig unter einer Beeinträchtigung der kognitiven Funktionen (z. B. exekutive Funktionen, Gedächtnis, Sprache). In vielen Fällen liegt zudem das Krankheitsbild einer leichten kognitiven Störung oder eine Demenzerkrankung vor. Durch diese Beeinträchtigungen sind die betroffenen Personen oft nicht (mehr) in der Lage, Aktivitäten des täglichen Lebens selbstständig durchzuführen, wodurch sich der Pflegeaufwand erhöht. Ein Rückgang der kognitiven Fähigkeiten ist bei Personen in fortgeschrittenem Alter oft nicht mehr reversibel, jedoch kann der Prozess durch geeignete Maßnahmen positiv beeinflusst werden. Hier kommen kognitiver (kognitiv-stimulierender) und körperlicher Aktivität wichtige Funktionen zu, da diese Maßnahmen bei richtigem Einsatz zu einer Aufrechterhaltung bzw. zu einem verlangsamten Abbau der kognitiven Funktionen beitragen können. Bislang können sowohl für kognitive als auch für körperliche Aktivitäten positive Effekte nachgewiesen werden, wobei die Effekte körperlicher Aktivität vielfältiger sind und sich beispielsweise auch auf Lebensqualität und Motorik auswirken, während sich die Effekte kognitiver Aktivität überwiegend auf kognitive Leistung beschränken. Daher wird empfohlen, insbesondere körperliche Aktivität in Pflegeeinrichtungen zum Erhalt der kognitiven Funktionen einzusetzen. Aktuelle Studien empfehlen 2–3 Einheiten pro Woche individuell angepasster körperlicher Aktivität mit multimodalen Inhalten (z. B. eine Kombination von motorischen und kognitiven Elementen) bei moderater Intensität. Empfehlungen, die über diesen Umfang und diese Intensität hinausgehen, müssen vor dem Hintergrund der Machbarkeit und Akzeptanz in Pflegeeinrichtungen kritisch diskutiert werden.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institut für Sport und Sportwissenschaft, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, Karlsruhe, Deutschland

    Jelena Krafft, Janina Krell-Rösch, Sandra Trautwein, Bettina Barisch-Fritz, Andrea Scharpf & Alexander Woll

  2. Fakultät für Psychologie und Bewegungswissenschaft, Bewegungs- und Trainingswissenschaft, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Deutschland

    Bettina Wollesen

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  1. Jelena Krafft
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  2. Janina Krell-Rösch
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  3. Sandra Trautwein
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  4. Bettina Barisch-Fritz
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  5. Andrea Scharpf
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  6. Bettina Wollesen
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  7. Alexander Woll
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Correspondence to Jelena Krafft .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Gesundheitswissenschaft, Fakultät für Psychologie und Bewegungswissenschaft, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Deutschland

    Laura Luise Bischoff

  2. Bewegungs- und Trainingswissenschaft, Fakultät für Psychologie und Bewegungswissenschaft, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Deutschland

    Ann-Kathrin Otto

  3. Bewegungs- und Trainingswissenschaft, Fakultät für Psychologie und Bewegungswissenschaft, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Deutschland

    Bettina Wollesen

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© 2023 Der/die Autor(en), exklusiv lizenziert an Springer-Verlag GmbH, DE, ein Teil von Springer Nature

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Krafft, J. et al. (2023). Maßnahmen zur Gesundheitsförderung von Pflegebedürftigen nach dem Leitfaden Prävention: Kognition. In: Bischoff, L.L., Otto, AK., Wollesen, B. (eds) Gesundheitsförderung und Präventionsarbeit im Pflegeheim. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-67020-0_14

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-67020-0_14

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