Abstract
I take the opportunity of contributing to the Festschrift for Rainer Hofmann, an expert on the international law relating to minorities, to make a few observations on the historical and regional origins of this area of the law in the Nordic countries by comparing the 1920 and 1921 expert reports regarding the Åland Islands question.
Prof. Dr. Georg Nolte, Judge at the International Court of Justice.
This contribution is based on a presentation given at the “Seminar on The Legacy of the Åland Islands Solution” that was held on 5 April 2022 at The Hague Academy of International Law at the invitation of the governments of Finland and Sweden. I thank Ms. Janina Barkholdt and Ms. Yifei Wang for their excellent help during the research and the editing of this contribution.
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Notes
- 1.
See Åkermark (2015), p. 49 for a contemporary perspective on this international legal aspect of the Åland Islands.
- 2.
Accordance with International Law of the Unilateral Declaration of Independence by the Provisional Institutions of Self-Government of Kosovo (Request for advisory opinion submitted by the General Assembly of the United Nations), Reply Submitted by Finland to Questions of Judge Koroma and Judge Cançado Trindade, 21.12. 2009, p. 2; CR 2009/30, para. 10–12 (Kaukoranta); CR 2009/30, para. 23 (Koskenniemi).
- 3.
Report of the International Committee of Jurists entrusted by the Council of the League of Nations with the task of giving an advisory opinion upon the legal aspects of the Aaland Islands question, League of Nations – Official Journal, October 1920, p. 3–19 [hereinafter “Jurists Report”]; The Aaland Islands Question – Report submitted to the Council of the League of Nations by the Commission of Rapporteurs, League of Nations, Council Document B 7, 16.04.1921 [hereinafter “Rapporteurs Report”].
- 4.
- 5.
- 6.
Spiermann (2002), p. 187.
- 7.
- 8.
Barros (1968), p. 307.
- 9.
Jurists Report (n 3), p. 5.
- 10.
Jurists Report (n 3), p. 5.
- 11.
Jurists Report (n 3), p. 16.
- 12.
Jurists Report (n 3), p. 10.
- 13.
Jurists Report (n 3), p. 10.
- 14.
Jurists Report (n 3), p. 11.
- 15.
Jurists Report (n 3), p. 12.
- 16.
Jurists Report (n 3), p. 12.
- 17.
Jurists Report (n 3), p. 13.
- 18.
Jurists Report (n 3), p. 14.
- 19.
Barros (1968), p. 268–333.
- 20.
Rapporteurs Report (n 3), p. 22.
- 21.
Barros (1968), p. 268–333.
- 22.
Barros (1968), p. 268–333.
- 23.
Barros (1968), p. 268–333.
- 24.
See e.g. Barros (1968), p. 268–333.
- 25.
Diggelmann (2007), p. 135.
- 26.
Nationality Decrees Issued in Tunis and Morocco (Advisory Opinion), PCIJ Rep Series B No 4, p. 25.
- 27.
Nolte (2012).
- 28.
Declaration on Principles of International Law concerning Friendly Relations and Cooperation among States in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations, UNGA Res 2625 (XXV) (24.10.1970); Legal Consequences of the Separation of the Chagos Archipelago from Mauritius in 1965 (Advisory Opinion) [2019] ICJ Rep 95, para. 155, 180.
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Nolte, G. (2023). Some Observations on the 1920 and 1921 Expert Reports Regarding the Åland Islands Question. In: Donath, P.B., Heger, A., Malkmus, M., Bayrak, O. (eds) Der Schutz des Individuums durch das Recht. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-66978-5_7
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