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Shoulder Instability: Diagnosis and Classification

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Shoulder Arthroscopy

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Abstract

Shoulder instability is a common source of pain and physical dysfunction, especially in the athletic population. The growth in knowledge about this disease has remarked its complexity, as multiple factors affect prognosis after treatment, leading to an intense debate about the features that should guide therapeutic indications. The first step in the decision-making process should be an accurate diagnosis of the instability that ideally provides information about direction, severity, etiology, and other issues. Provocative tests have capital importance to confirm the diagnosis. Classification of the instability is the second step, although none of the systems described have global acceptance. A new classification model is described, which mainly focuses on orientating therapeutic decisions.

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Acknowledgments

We would like to thank Dr. Carlos Vaquero-Comino, for his contribution to the radiological images.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Arthrosport Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain

    Ángel Calvo Díaz & Pablo Carnero Martín de Soto

  2. IMED Elche Hospital, Alicante, Spain

    Néstor Zurita Uroz

Authors
  1. Ángel Calvo Díaz
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  2. Pablo Carnero Martín de Soto
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  3. Néstor Zurita Uroz
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Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Joint and Bone Surgery, University of Brescia, Brescia, Brescia, Italy

    Giuseppe Milano

  2. Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Casa di Cura Villa Valeria, Rome, Roma, Italy

    Andrea Grasso

  3. Shoulder and Upper Limb Department, St. Luke's Hospital, Bielsko-Biała, Poland

    Roman Brzóska

  4. Department of Traumatology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia

    Ladislav Kovačič

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Calvo Díaz, Á., de Soto, P.C.M., Uroz, N.Z. (2023). Shoulder Instability: Diagnosis and Classification. In: Milano, G., Grasso, A., Brzóska, R., Kovačič, L. (eds) Shoulder Arthroscopy. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-66868-9_14

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-66868-9_14

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