Adolescent Athletes

Abstract

Physical activity is an important determinant of physical and mental health during adolescence. However, the pubertal period is marked by substantial physical, psychological and social changes, and is considered as a critical window in competitive sports. Adolescent athletes have increased risks of musculoskeletal injuries, as well as psychological and eating disorders. The later may result in abnormal pubertal development and amenorrhea, impaired bone mineral acquisition, osteoporosis and stress fractures in females. A comprehensive pre-participation medical evaluation should include the sport, medical and family history, as well as an assessment of nutritional and weight status, sleep duration and quality, school performance and encountered difficulties. Youth strength training can have potential benefits including sport performance, injury prevention and rehabilitation. Education and communication between adolescents, parents, sports and health care professionals are essential to prevent and manage injuries and diseases, and enhance sports performance in adolescent athletes. The training workload and competition frequency should be regularly adapted to the physical and psychological state of adolescent athletes. Balancing the risks and benefits of youth sport participation should gain greater emphasis in decision-making and policy discussions, with effects in terms of informed participation, coach and health care professionals training, and access to quality care.