Zusammenfassung
Steigende Konfliktpotenziale im digitalen Raum erfordern die Schärfung transnationaler Verantwortung, sie erschweren diese aber auch. Aus völkerrechtlicher Perspektive wurde die Norm der Sorgfaltsverantwortung für den Cyberraum bereits umfänglich diskutiert. Wir knüpfen aus politikwissenschaftlicher Perspektive an diese Debatte an, indem wir die Bedingungen für eine Normemergenz zunächst theoretisch diskutieren und sodann die Staatenpraxis im engeren (vier kurze Fallstudien) und im weiteren Sinne (auf der Grundlage eines neuen Heidelberger Konfliktdatensatzes) untersuchen. Unsere Befunde zeigen, dass es zwar Ansätze für eine retrospektive Norm der Sorgfaltsverantwortung gibt, aber bislang kaum prospektive Normwirkung erkennbar ist. Die Staatenpraxis zentraler staatlicher „Normunternehmer“ verdeutlicht die bislang fehlende intersubjektive Anerkennung der Norm. Zudem legt der Abgleich mit systematisch erhobenen Cyber-Konfliktdaten der Jahre 2014–2016 nahe, dass insbesondere autoritäre Staaten wie Russland und China die regulative Wirkung der Norm durch den Einsatz von nicht-staatlichen Akteuren unterminieren. Insgesamt kann die noch im Frühstadium befindliche Normemergenz vor allem auf unterschiedliche Motivationen und Schwerpunktsetzungen der Normunternehmer in ihrem Agieren zurückgeführt werden.
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Notes
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Harnisch, S., Zettl, K. (2020). Transnationale Verantwortung und Normemergenz im Cyberraum. In: Seibert-Fohr, A. (eds) Entgrenzte Verantwortung. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-60564-6_11
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