Zusammenfassung
Interpersonelle Probleme sind ein zentraler Bereich, in dem Patienten mit Borderline-Persönlichkeitsstörung (BPS) Schwierigkeiten haben. Beeinträchtigte Theory of Mind (ToM) wird als ein zentraler Mechanismus bei der Entstehung und Aufrechterhaltung der Störung angenommen, wobei die Evidenz noch inkonsistent ist. In manchen Studien zeigen sich Defizite vergleichbar denen von Patienten mit Autismus. In anderen Studien zeigt sich teilweise sogar eine überdurchschnittliche ToM, was mit Hyper-Mentalisierung, d. h. exzessiver inakkurater ToM, erklärt wird. Es gibt aber auch Befunde für eine Dissoziation zwischen affektiven und kognitiven ToM-Fertigkeiten, wonach bei BPS-Patienten affektive ToM stärker ausgeprägt ist als kognitive ToM. ToM-Fertigkeiten sind auch grundsätzlich relevant für die Psychotherapiefähigkeit und sollten daher möglichst früh gefördert werden. Es stehen hierfür wirksame ToM-Trainings zur Verfügung.
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Sprung, M. (2019). Theory of Mind bei Patienten mit Borderline-Persönlichkeitsstörung. In: Riffer, F., Kaiser, E., Sprung, M., Streibl, L. (eds) Mensch – Beziehung – Störung. Psychosomatik im Zentrum, vol 3. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-58639-6_4
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