Zusammenfassung
Eine Erkenntnis des berühmten Pathologens Rudolf Virchow ist: Der Mensch ist so alt wie seine Gefäße. Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen sind Todesursache Nummer eins in der deutschen Gesellschaft. Jeder Zweite stirbt daran. In vielen westlichen Ländern ist es genauso: Eine US-Studie mit fast 7000 Personen ergab, dass fast jeder Zweite ein mittleres bis hohes Risiko für Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen hat. Auf der anderen Seite finden sich Naturvölker wie die Tsimane, die Wissenschaftler als „Menschen mit den gesündesten Arterien“ bezeichneten. Es zeigt sich, dass der Lebensstil maßgeblichen Anteil daran hat, wie gesund die Gefäße bleiben. Das von dem Nobelpreisträger Louis Ignarro näher beschriebene Gas Stickoxid spielt eine Hauptrolle bei der Gesunderhaltung der Gefäße. Adäquate Konzentrationen dieses Stoffes halten die Gefäße gesund – ein ungesunder Lebensstil senkt die Stickoxidwerte aber. Neuere Untersuchungen zeigen zudem, dass Stickoxid nicht nur die Gesundheit der Gefäße reguliert, sondern auch die Funktionsfähigkeit des Energiestoffwechsels. Damit schützt Stickoxid auch vor Insulinresistenz und Co.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsLiteratur
Andrukhova O et al (2013) Vitamin D is a regulator of endothelial nitric oxide synthase and arterial stiffness in mice. Mol Endocrinol 28(1):53–64
Antoniades C (2006) 5-Methyltetrahydrofolate rapidly improves endothelial function and decreases superoxide production in human vessels: effects on vascular tetrahydrobiopterin availability and endothelial nitric oxide synthase coupling. Circulation 114(11):1193–1201
Baker TA, Milstien S, Katusic ZS (2001) Effect of vitamin C on the availability of tetrahydrobiopterin in human endothelial cells. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 37(3):333–338
Basralı F et al (2015) Effect of magnesium supplementation on blood pressure and vascular reactivity in nitric oxide synthase inhibition-induced hypertension model. Clin Exp Hypertens 37(8):633–642
Davis ME et al (2004) Shear stress regulates endothelial nitric-oxide synthase promoter activity through nuclear factor κB binding. J Biol Chem 279(1):163–168
Duplain H et al (2001) Insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension in mice lacking endothelial nitric oxide synthase. Circulation 104(3):342–345
Edwards JG et al (2008) Exercise improves endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) dimerization in diabetic rats. FASEB J 22(1):1235.3
El-Bassossy HM et al (2013) Arginase inhibition alleviates hypertension in the metabolic syndrome. Br J Pharmacol 169(3):693–703
Farah C et al (2013) Exercise-induced cardioprotection: a role for eNOS uncoupling and NO metabolites. Basic Res Cardiol 108(6):1–13
Fisslthaler B et al (2003) Insulin enhances the expression of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase in native endothelial cells: a dual role for Akt and AP-1. Nitric Oxide 8(4):253–261
Friedman-Rudovsky J (2012) In the Bolivian Amazon, a yardstick for modern health. https://www.nytimes.com/2012/09/25/health/in-the-bolivian-amazon-a-yardstick-for-modern-health.html. Zugegriffen am 02.08.2018
Fulton D (2009) Mechanisms of vascular insulin resistance: a substitute act? Circ Res 104(9):1035–1037
Gad M (2010) Anti-aging effects of l-arginine. J Adv Res 1(3):169–177
Gómez-Zamudio JH et al (2015) Vascular endothelial function is improved by oral glycine treatment in aged rats. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 93(6):465–473
Guarente L (2013) Calorie restriction and sirtuins revisited. Genes Dev 27(19):2072–2085
Hayashi T, Juliet P, Matsui-Hirai H et al (2005) L-citrulline and L-arginine supplementation retards the progression of high-cholesterol-diet-induced atherosclerosis in rabbits. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 102(38):13681–13686
Hiroi Y et al (2006) Rapid nongenomic actions of thyroid hormone. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 103(38):14104–14109
Hyndman ME et al (2002) Interaction of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate and tetrahydrobiopterin on endothelial function. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 282(6):H2167–H2172
Kaplan H, Thompson R, Trumble B et al (2017) Coronary atherosclerosis in indigenous South American Tsimane: a cross-sectional cohort study. Lancet 389(10080):1730–1739
Kapur S et al (1997) Expression of nitric oxide synthase in skeletal muscle: a novel role for nitric oxide as a modulator of insulin action. Diabetes 46(11):1691–1700
Kashyap S, Roman L, Lamont J et al (2005) Insulin resistance is associated with impaired nitric oxide synthase activity in skeletal muscle of type 2 diabetic subjects. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 90(2):1100–1105
Le Gouill E et al (2007) Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) knockout mice have defective mitochondrial β-oxidation. Diabetes 56(11):2690–2696
Lindeberg S et al (1994) Cardiovascular risk factors in a Melanesian population apparently free from stroke and ischaemic heart disease: the Kitava study. J Intern Med 236(3):331–340
Lira VA et al (2010) Nitric oxide and AMPK cooperatively regulate PGC-1α in skeletal muscle cells. J Physiol 588(18):3551–3566
Lu D, Kassab GS (2011) Role of shear stress and stretch in vascular mechanobiology. J Royal Soc Interface 8(63):1379–1385
Lundberg JO, Weitzberg E, Gladwin MT (2008) The nitrate-nitrite-nitric oxide pathway in physiology and therapeutics. Nat Rev Drug Discov 7(2):156–167
Momken I et al (2002) Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS) deficiency affects energy metabolism pattern in murine oxidative skeletal muscle. Biochem J 368:341–347
Mortensen A, Lykkesfeldt J (2014) Does vitamin C enhance nitric oxide bioavailability in a tetrahydrobiopterin-dependent manner? In vitro, in vivo and clinical studies. Nitric Oxide 36:51–57
Muniyappa R, Sowers JR (2013) Role of insulin resistance in endothelial dysfunction. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 14(1):5–12
Nisoli E et al (2003) Mitochondrial biogenesis in mammals: the role of endogenous nitric oxide. Science 299(5608):896–899
Nisoli E et al (2004) Mitochondrial biogenesis by NO yields functionally active mitochondria in mammals. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 101(47):16507–16512
Nisoli E et al (2005) Calorie restriction promotes mitochondrial biogenesis by inducing the expression of eNOS. Science 310(5746):314–317
Obradovic M, Gluvic Z, Sudar-Milovanovic E et al (2016) Nitric oxide as a marker for levo-thyroxine therapy in subclinical hypothyroid patients. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 14(3):266–270
Ramaswami G et al (2004) Curcumin blocks homocysteine-induced endothelial dysfunction in porcine coronary arteries. J Vasc Surg 40(6):1216–1222
Ritchie S et al (2010) Insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase at serine-615 contributes to nitric oxide synthesis. Biochem J 426:85–90
Roberts LD (2015) Does inorganic nitrate say NO to obesity by browning white adipose tissue? Adipocyte 4(4):311–314
Sansbury BE, Hill BG (2014) Regulation of obesity and insulin resistance by nitric oxide. Free Radic Biol Med 73:383–399
Sverdlov AL et al (2014) Aging of the nitric oxide system: are we as old as our NO? J Am Heart Assoc 3(4):e000973
Tanabe T et al (2003) Exercise training improves ageing-induced decrease in eNOS expression of the aorta. Acta Physiol Scand 178(1):3–10
Tomat AL et al (2005) Moderate zinc deficiency influences arterial blood pressure and vascular nitric oxide pathway in growing rats. Pediatr Res 58(4):672–676
Ungvari Z et al (2008) Mechanisms underlying caloric restriction and lifespan regulation implications for vascular aging. Circ Res 102(5):519–528
Valerio A, D’Antona G, Nisoli E (2011) Branched-chain amino acids, mitochondrial biogenesis, and healthspan: an evolutionary perspective. Aging 3(5):464–478
de Waard MC et al (2010) Beneficial effects of exercise training after myocardial infarction require full eNOS expression. J Mol Cell Cardiol 48(6):1041–1049
Yang A-L et al (2002) Chronic exercise increases both inducible and endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene expression in endothelial cells of rat aorta. J Biomed Sci 9(2):149–155
Zhang X et al (2000) Effects of homocysteine on endothelial nitric oxide production. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 279(4):F671–F678
Zhao Z-W et al (2011) Ameliorative effect of astaxanthin on endothelial dysfunction in streptozotocin-induced diabetes in male rats. Arzneimittelforschung 61(04):239–246
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer-Verlag GmbH Deutschland, ein Teil von Springer Nature
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Michalk, C. (2019). Angewandte Biochemie V: Arteriengesundheit. In: Gesundheit optimieren – Leistungsfähigkeit steigern. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-58231-2_8
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-58231-2_8
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-662-58230-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-662-58231-2
eBook Packages: Medicine (German Language)