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Characterization of Sound Fields Generated by Ultrasonic Transducers

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Piezoelectric Sensors and Actuators

Part of the book series: Topics in Mining, Metallurgy and Materials Engineering ((TMMME))

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Abstract

The metrological characterization of sound fields represents an important step in the design and optimization of ultrasonic transducers. In this chapter, we will concentrate on the so-called light refractive tomography (LRT), which is an optical-based measurement principle. It allows noninvasive, spatially as well as temporally resolved acquisition of both, sound fields in fluids and mechanical waves in optical transparent solids. Before the history and fundamentals (e.g., tomographic reconstruction) of LRT are studied in Sects. 8.2 and 8.3, we will discuss conventional measurement principles (e.g., hydrophones) for such measuring tasks. Section 8.4 addresses the application of LRT for investigating sound fields in water. For instance, the disturbed sound field due to a capsule hydrophone will be quantified. In Sect. 8.5, LRT results for airborne ultrasound are shown and verified through microphone measurements. Finally, LRT will be exploited to quantitatively acquire the propagation of mechanical waves in optically transparent solids, which is currently impossible by means of conventional measurement principles.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    For the sake of simplicity, the membrane deflection \(s_{\sim }\) is assumed to be uniform over the active microphone surface.

  2. 2.

    Such projections are also named Radon-transformed of \(f\!\left( x,y \right) \).

  3. 3.

    LRT is applicable for ultrasonic waves and audible sound waves. Without limiting the generality, we will concentrate on sound fields generated by ultrasound sources.

  4. 4.

    Function \(f\!\left( x \right) =\mathrm {e}^{-\alpha x^2}\); Fourier transform \(F\!\left( \nu \right) =\sqrt{\pi /\alpha } \cdot \mathrm {e}^{-(\pi \nu )^2 / \alpha }\) [8].

  5. 5.

    Geometric dimension of the plotted cross sections (in parallel to the xy-plane): \(x\times y=[-10\,\text {mm},10\,\text {mm}]\times [-10\,\text {mm},10\,\text {mm}]\).

  6. 6.

    Geometric dimension of the plotted cross sections (in parallel to the xy-plane): \(x\times y=[-25\,\text {mm},25\,\text {mm}]\times [-25\,\text {mm},25\,\text {mm}]\).

  7. 7.

    Geometric dimension of the plotted cross sections (in parallel to the xy-plane): \(x\times y=[-10,10\,\text {mm}]\times [-10,10\,\text {mm}]\).

  8. 8.

    \(2\cdot 24.4{-}15.4\,\text {mm} = 33.4\,\text {mm}\)

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  1. Lehrstuhl für Sensorik, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany

    Stefan Johann Rupitsch

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Rupitsch, S.J. (2019). Characterization of Sound Fields Generated by Ultrasonic Transducers. In: Piezoelectric Sensors and Actuators. Topics in Mining, Metallurgy and Materials Engineering. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-57534-5_8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-57534-5_8

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