Zusammenfassung
Die Behandlung des Analkarzinoms wird in der Regel durch eine definitive Radiochemotherapie durchgeführt. Die früher übliche primäre Operation mittels abdominoperinealer Resektion (APR) und permanenter Kolostomie wird heute nicht mehr als primäre Standardtherapie empfohlen. Eine Ausnahme bilden gut differenzierte T1–2,N0-Analrandkarzinome, welche mittels lokaler Exzision mit ausreichendem Sicherheitsabstand behandelt werden. Bei ausbleibender vollständiger Remission nach Radiochemotherapie, fehlender Strahlenreserve nach vorangegangener Radiotherapie im Becken oder bei Rezidiven werden die Patienten einer Salvage-Operation, in der Regel mittels abdominoperinealer Resektion oder Beckenexenteration, zugeführt. Die Gesamtprognose des Analkarzinoms ist gut mit 5-Jahres-Überlebensraten zwischen 60 und 80 %. Hauptrisikofaktor für das Entstehen eines Analkarzinoms ist die Infektion mit humanen Papilloma-Viren (HPV).
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Bork, U., Weitz, J. (2018). Analkarzinom. In: Germer, CT., Keck, T., Grundmann, R.T. (eds) Evidenzbasierte Viszeralchirurgie maligner Erkrankungen. Evidenzbasierte Chirurgie. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-56533-9_12
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