Zusammenfassung
Die Aufteilung von chemischen Reaktionen in mehrere Schritte, die getrennt voneinander optimiert werden können, ergeben ein interessantes Potenzial zur Optimierung des Gesamtprozesses. Vor allem bei Oxidationsreaktionen kann die Nutzung eines festen Oxidationsmittels an Stelle von Sauerstoff dieses Optimierungspotenzial bieten, da neben der Steigerung der Effizienz der Reaktion die Möglichkeit zur gezielten Abtrennung von Komponenten des Reaktionsgemisches im Verlaufe des Prozesses besteht. Damit können energie-intensive vor- oder nachgeschaltete Trennoperationen im Prozess vermieden werden. Eine wichtige Voraussetzung für die Auswahl eines geeigneten festen Oxidationsmittels ist seine Regenerierbarkeit durch eine Oxidation mit Luftsauerstoff. Neben der Energiegewinnung bietet dieses Chemical Looping genannte Konzept auch die Chance, chemische Reaktionen von unerwünschten Nebenreaktionen zu trennen. Besonders bei selektiven Oxidationsreaktionen kann damit die Totaloxidation der Einsatzstoffe oder Produkte erheblich unterdrückt werden. Der mögliche Gewinn in der Selektivität der Reaktion rechtfertigt den Aufwand, nach einem multifunktionalen Sauerstoffträger mit hoher Speicherkapazität und guter katalytischer Aktivität und Selektivität zu suchen.
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Schomäcker, R. (2020). Reaktoren für Fluid-Feststoff-Reaktionen: Schleifenreaktor (Chemical Looping Reactor). In: Reschetilowski, W. (eds) Handbuch Chemische Reaktoren. Springer Reference Naturwissenschaften . Springer Spektrum, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-56434-9_25
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