Abstract
Pectus excavatum is a congenital deformity of the anterior chest wall. It consists of two primary elements. The first component is posterior depression of the body of the sternum, generally beginning at the level of the insertion of the second or third costal cartilages. The second component is posterior depression of the attached costal cartilages. This depression generally involves ribs 3 through 7 and sometimes will extend to the level of the second costal cartilage. In older teenagers, the posterior depression of the ribs will involve part of the osseous component as well as the cartilage component. This congenital deformity will be apparent within the first year of life in more than 90% of affected children. It occurs most often in families with a history of chest wall deformity, and has been estimated to have an incidence of 1 in 300 to 1 in 400 births.
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Shamberger, R.C. (2019). Repair of Pectus Excavatum. In: Puri, P., Höllwarth, M. (eds) Pediatric Surgery. Springer Surgery Atlas Series. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-56282-6_12
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