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Maternale Erkrankung mit Auswirkung auf die Plazenta – Diabetes mellitus

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Die Plazenta

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Zusammenfassung

Ein Diabetes in der Schwangerschaft liegt vor, wenn eine an Diabetes erkrankte Patientin schwanger wird oder wenn in der Schwangerschaft eine Glukosetoleranzstörung entsteht. Im zweiten Trimenon kommt es unter dem Einfluss plazentar gebildeter Hormone zur Ausbildung einer ausgeprägten Insulinresistenz. Gleichzeitig stimuliert plazentares Laktogen eine Vermehrung der Betazellkapazität im maternalen Pankreas mit gesteigerter Insulinproduktion. Plazentagröße und -funktion beeinflussen die Stoffwechselumstellung. Besteht bei der Mutter eine latente Insulinresistenz oder eine eingeschränkte Kapazität zur Steigerung der Insulinsekretion, entsteht ein Gestationsdiabetes. Plazenten von Diabetikerinnen zeigen bei allen Krankheitsformen strukturelle Veränderungen. Häufig sind diese Plazenten voluminöser und zeigen Veränderungen in der Zottenvaskularisation und -reife. Eine für Diabetes typische Morphologie ist nicht beschrieben. Ein Zusammenhang zur Stoffwechselkontrolle und zum Zeitpunkt der einsetzenden Hyperglykämie im Verlauf der Schwangerschaft wird vermutet, muss aber in systematischen Untersuchungen bestätigt werden.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Klinik für Geburtsmedizin, Kompetenzzentrum für Diabetes und Schwangerschaft, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena, Deutschland

    Tanja Groten

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  1. Tanja Groten
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Correspondence to Tanja Groten .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Ordinarius, Lehrstuhl für Zellbiologie Histologie und Embryologie, Gottfried Schatz Forschungszentrum, Medizinische Universität Graz, Graz, Austria

    Berthold Huppertz

  2. Klinik für Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena, Germany

    Ekkehard Schleußner

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Groten, T. (2018). Maternale Erkrankung mit Auswirkung auf die Plazenta – Diabetes mellitus. In: Huppertz, B., Schleußner, E. (eds) Die Plazenta. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-55622-1_16

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-55622-1_16

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-662-55621-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-662-55622-1

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