Abstract
Recent generations of condensed-matter physicists have devoted a great deal of attention to the metallic environment and, e.g., the behavior of d and f-electron ions doped into s–p band host metals. From the indirect exchange between nuclei in simple metals of Ruderman and Kittel [27] came spin density oscillations surrounding localized magnetic moments [318] and indirect exchange couplings between such moments [319]. There then followed the Anderson model on how such local moments form on impurities in simple metals [320]. There was a surge of theoretical activity on these and related questions, [321] and out of that surge came a remarkable disclosure (among many), namely that in the case of a localized moment that undergoes antiferromagnetic exchange with electron spins in a surrounding electron gas, the exchange scattering diverges at low temperatures. And thus, the local moment d-state itself becomes unstable and collapses. Named after its discoverer, this came to be known as the “Kondo effect” [322].
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Notes
- 1.
This was obtained by extrapolating the low-temperature behavior of \(C_{MAG}/T\) and \(\chi (T)\) to \(C_{KI}/T\rightarrow 0\) and \(\chi _{KI}\rightarrow 0\), respectively [330]. This procedure yields the low-T estimates \(f(T)C_{HF}/T\rightarrow \) \(2.90\times 10^6\) ergs/mol-Ce K\(^2\) and \(f(T)\chi _{HF}(T)\rightarrow \) 0.008 emu/mol-Ce. Noting that f(T) cancels in the estimate of \(R_W\), the latter values lead to \(R_W = 2.01\).
- 2.
However, please see the report on LDA-DMFT calculations later in this chapter.
- 3.
Note the slightly different hyperfine coefficient notation compared with (8.4.7).
- 4.
\(\lambda ^*= \gamma _{el}/\gamma _{cal}\), where \(\gamma _{cal} = \pi ^2k_B^2D(T)/3 = 0.073\,\mathrm{J/mol} \mathrm{K}^2\) is the calculated Sommerfeld coefficient for D(T) = 12 (states/eV).
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Walstedt, R.E. (2018). The Kondo Effect and Heavy Fermion Phenomena. In: The NMR Probe of High-Tc Materials and Correlated Electron Systems. Springer Tracts in Modern Physics, vol 276. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-55582-8_8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-55582-8_8
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