Abstract
The power-system structure is composed mainly of generation, transmission and distribution. This is also due to the unbundling process which takes place in many countries. Many power networks are unbundled commercially, with a separation of generation from the operation of the network. The power in a traditional power system is produced by a few large power plants located near primary energy sources (e.g., coal mines, water). The power is then transmitted at very high or high voltage for long distances (e.g., 500 km) and, finally, distributed to the end users. Generation is the main part of the power system. More than 50 % of the total costs of the power system are related to generation, which is also responsible for most of the polluting emissions. The general structure of the primary energy sources has changed during the last 30 years (see Fig. 1.2), but still fossil energy dominates the sources with a share of about 80 %.
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Notes
- 1.
Based on the contribution given by Dr. Franziska Adamek within the Cigré WG C6.15 [3].
- 2.
Based on the contribution given by Prof. Pecas Lopes within the Cigré WG C6.15 [3].
- 3.
Based on the contribution given by Henrik Vikelgaard within the Cigré WG C6.15 [3].
- 4.
Based on the contribution given by Prof. Ravi Seethapathy and Dr. Bartosz Wojszczyk within the Cigré WG C6.15 [3].
- 5.
Based on the contribution given by Prof. Pedro Enrique Mercado within the Cigré WG C6.15 [3].
- 6.
Based on the contribution given by Dr. Suresh Verma within the Cigré WG C6.15 [3].
- 7.
Million kiloliters (1.172 Mkl is equivalent to approximately 1 Mtoe on an energy basis).
- 8.
Based on the contribution given by Prof. Nikolai Voropai within the Cigré WG C6.15 [3].
- 9.
Based on the contribution given by Prof. S. Cheng within the Cigré WG C6.15 [3].
- 10.
Based on the contribution given by Dr. Marian Piekutowski within the Cigré WG C6.15 [3].
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Komarnicki, P., Lombardi, P., Styczynski, Z. (2017). International Development Trends in Power Systems. In: Electric Energy Storage Systems. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-53275-1_3
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