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Artifizielle Störungen, Simulation und Körperintegritätsidentitätsstörung

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Psychiatrie, Psychosomatik, Psychotherapie

Part of the book series: Springer Reference Medizin ((SRM))

Zusammenfassung

Patienten mit artifiziellen Störungen täuschen körperliche oder seelische Symptome vor, aggravieren sie oder fügen sie sich selbst zu. Die Tatsache der Täuschung ist den Patienten bewusst, nicht unbedingt aber die zugrunde liegenden Motive ihres Handelns. Die Häufigkeit der artifiziellen Störungen ist epidemiologisch schwierig zu bestimmen; neben den aufgedeckten Fällen ist von einer wesentlich höheren Dunkelziffer auszugehen. In der Ätiopathogenese der interpersonalen Täuschung und heimlichen Selbstschädigung spielen frühe Traumatisierungserfahrungen eine wichtige Rolle. Im klinischen Umgang kann der behandelnde Arzt oft auf verhängnisvolle Weise in die Inszenierung der Patienten zu deren realer Schädigung miteinbezogen werden. Evidenzbasierte Empfehlungen für die Behandlung sind noch nicht möglich. Simulation ist die bewusste intentionale Übernahme einer Krankenrolle, um hierüber einen äußerlichen Krankheitsgewinn zu erzielen. Eine spezielle Herausforderung im breiten Spektrum artifizieller Störungen ist das offene Bestreben von Personen mit einer Körperintegritätidentitätsstörung (Body Integrity Identity Disorder), sich organisch gesunde Körperteile amputieren zu lassen, um hierüber zu einer personalen Identität zu gelangen.

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  1. Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapeutische Medizin, Medizinische Universität Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 31, 8036, Graz, Österreich

    Hans-Peter Kapfhammer

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  1. em. Direktor der Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) München, München, Germany

    Hans-Jürgen Möller

  2. Ehem. Ärztlicher Direktor des kbo-Inn-Salzach-Klinikums für Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie, Psychosomatik und Neurologie, Akadem. Lehrkrankenhaus der LMU München Institut für Psychologische Medizin (IPM), Soyen, Germany

    Gerd Laux

  3. Vorstand der Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapeutische Medizin, Medizinische Universität Graz, Graz, Austria

    Hans-Peter Kapfhammer

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Kapfhammer, HP. (2017). Artifizielle Störungen, Simulation und Körperintegritätsidentitätsstörung. In: Möller, HJ., Laux, G., Kapfhammer, HP. (eds) Psychiatrie, Psychosomatik, Psychotherapie. Springer Reference Medizin. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-49295-6_80

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