Low-Carbon Healthy City Planning and Design

Abstract

The low-carbon concept originates from initiatives in response to the effects of climate change and energy crises on society. The term was initially proposed by Britain in the 2003 white paper Our Energy Future—Creating a Low Carbon Economy.

Part 5 Appendix

The Appendix 1: Great London Spatial Development Strategy
Challenge	Climate change poses problems, including city heat island, city flood disaster, the shortage of water resources
Objective	The realization of the environment and quality of life of the highest standard, leading the world in 21st Century to deal with the city development, especially the challenges posed by climate change, the international leader in improving the environment
Strategy	The response to the climate challenge
Tactical	• Climate change: reducing carbon dioxide emissions. In 2025, reducing 60 % of current carbon dioxide emissions, lower than 1990 levels • Maximum Reduction in Carbon Emissions: reducing energy consumption, promote the efficient use of energy, the use of renewable clean energy; take three measures, (1) Sustainable City Design and Construction: noise and air pollution reduction, reduce the quantity of sewage, improve the recycling rate, encourage green building; (2) Transformation of Existing Buildings: meet the design and construction standards, encourage sustainable; (3) Localization, Decentralized Energy Supply Network
	Reduced oil consumption, improve the proportion of renewable energy • Energy technology innovation: the development of electric power, hydraulic driven cars, the introduction of advanced waste treatment technology • Promotion of green building design and green building materials, reduce the heating and cooling demand, reduce the heat island effect • Planting large area of greening the public space, in 2030, the central business district greening rate will increase 5 %, than the present; in 2050, increase another 5 % • Promotion of roof greening, vertical greening, roof open space; improve the capabilities of disaster prevention and emergency response, disaster prevention plan • Building drainage system sustainable, rainwater storage and utilization; strengthen the capacity of water supply, to ensure water supply facilities; to save water, reduce energy consumption and loss of water in the process, reduce trash total quantity, improving waste management and recycling rate, implementation of waste management strategy, adding waste treatment facilities, combined with the set up recycling facilities
	• Traffic: the development of public transport, land transport facilities, security, strengthening the bus rapid transit, tram and other ground transportation services; the construction of bicycle lanes, bicycle rental, parking facilities increased, in 2026 to achieve the bicycle mode increase to 5 % above of all travel mode; to improve the pedestrian environment, planning and safe and convenient, beautiful walk the line to improve the walking
Innovative evaluation	• Driven directly by the mayor
	• Actively respond to climate change, will lead the city status which is reflected in the environmental standards
	• Through the improvement of public traffic system, the green open space planning, urban energy-saving initiatives, ecological research and development of new technologies application provide a model for climate change mitigation
The Appendix 2: New York City 2030
Challenge	Aging infrastructure
	The deteriorating environment of city
Objective	More green, more great New York
	• Providing sustainable housing and parks, improve the public transport system, open river system, provide reliable water and energy supply system, carry out the green street plan can effectively avoid the urban sprawl. In 2030, reduce 15,600,000 tons of carbon dioxide emissions
	• Clean energy can reduce carbon dioxide emissions by 10,600,000 tons
	• Energy-efficient building, improving efficiency in the use of existing buildings, reducing 16,400,000 tons of carbon dioxide emissions
	• Strengthen the New York city sustainable transport mode which can reduce 6,100,000 tons of carbon dioxide emissions
Strategy	Energy, air quality, climate change
Tactical	Traffic: improving public traffic service level in the existing urban infrastructure conditions
	Land: greening the city space, plant trees on street as many as they can, at the same time to promote the Green Street Plan, upgrade city road land with unused space into green
	Water quality, implementation of urban planning, wetland protection, implementation of blue green roof award scheme, carry out green parking plan
	Energy, air quality and climate warming. New York City Planning Commission launched, the new energy, reduce energy consumption, energy conservation award scheme, enhanced peak period energy consumption, smart management ability, enhance awareness of energy conservation, enhance the city public use of clean energy, improve the safety and reliability of grid, city transportation development using renewable clean energy planning support, the natural gas infrastructure construction, cultivate new energy application market, strengthen the network repair ability
Innovative evaluation	The green in urban development, the most important position, increase energy climate change content, and in transportation, land, water and other aspects of the implementation
The Appendix 3: The Great Paris Plan
Challenge	Aging infrastructure
	The deteriorating environment of city
Objective	The proposed construction of Post Kyoto Protocol World City Green and Detail Design.
Strategy	The urban development of the Post Kyoto Protocol
Tactical	Environment
	Improve the city air quality and water environment; recycling, garbage utilization
	Traffic
	Construction of comprehensive transport planning system, perfect, convenient, pleasant, smooth. Control of large displacement car, encourage public transport use and small car, Urban rail transit, RER, TGV, and other large-capacity public transportation, passenger seamless transfer, strengthen the function of RER, metro line, TGV.
	Economic
	Strengthen the construction of financial system, the third industry based on the existing economic growth; increase innovation economy
Innovative evaluation	President lead