Abstract
We propose a set of principles to facilitate the design of haptic feedback virtual environments, which is expected to contribute to the effectiveness of the fine motor hand therapy. Firstly, we conducted a contextual study in a rehabilitation center to identify preliminary design elements using grounded theory. Based on these results, we defined a set of principles aiming to aid in the design of haptic feedback virtual environments to favour therapy effectiveness and patient’s safety. Secondly, in order to evaluate the proposed design principles, we developed a haptic feedback virtual environment based on them and conducted a formative evaluation with five patients and three therapists. Preliminary results provided promising evidence, indicating a high perception of usefulness, ease of use and intention of use of the proposed environment and principles. Finally, to validate the impact of the design principles in therapy effectiveness, we carried out a second study with thirty participants, from which fifteen elderly had hand motor impairments. We found no significant differences in task execution time between healthy adults and elders with hand motor impairments. We found significant differences in precision or accuracy of the exercise. We confirmed the importance of key principles to facility the design of hapto-virtual environments that contribute to the effectiveness of the fine motor hand therapy. Further evaluations are needed to validate our results from a clinical viewpoint. We confirmed the importance of key principles to contribute to the effectiveness of the fine motor hand therapy. Further evaluations are needed to validate our results from a clinical viewpoint.
This work was partially funded by the Mexican Council for Science and Technology (CONACYT) under grant 218709 and CONACYT scholarship number 97753 for the first author.
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Acknowledgments
The authors would like to thank the specialists and patients from “Centro Integral de Rehabilitación”, and the elderly from “Casa Hogar de Anciano” and “Casa del Abuelo” in Ensenada, Baja California, México, for their valuable support and participation in this research work. We are also grateful to undergraduate students who have participated in the development of the haptic maze application.
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Ramírez-Fernández, C., García-Canseco, E., Morán, A.L., Orihuela-Espina, F. (2015). Design Principles for Hapto-Virtual Rehabilitation Environments: Effects on Effectiveness of Fine Motor Hand Therapy. In: Fardoun, H., R. Penichet, V., Alghazzawi, D. (eds) ICTs for Improving Patients Rehabilitation Research Techniques. REHAB 2014. Communications in Computer and Information Science, vol 515. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-48645-0_23
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