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Psychische Störungen bei Kindern und Jugendlichen mit Intelligenzminderung

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Neuro-/Psychopharmaka im Kindes- und Jugendalter

Zusammenfassung

Kinder und Jugendliche mit Intelligenzminderung weisen eine erhöhte Vulnerabilität auf, sowohl psychisch als auch somatisch zu erkranken. Diese koinzidenten Störungen und Erkrankungen sind entsprechend der aktuellen Richtlinien für diese Störungen und Erkrankungen zu behandeln, wobei eine pharmakologische Therapie in ein Gesamtkonzept einzubetten ist und oft erst nach Ausschöpfung aller anderen Therapieoptionen erfolgen sollte. Darüber hinaus weisen Kinder und Jugendliche mit Intelligenzminderung häufiger als normal intelligente Gleichaltrige problematische Verhaltensweisen (herausforderndes Verhalten) auf. Insbesondere impulsiv aggressives Verhalten mit Eigen- und Fremdgefährdung als auch repetitives Verhalten, welches zu einer Einschränkung der gesellschaftlichen Teilhabe führt, bedarf im Kanon mit nichtmedikamentösen Behandlungsstrategien der Pharmakotherapie. Diese richtet sich auch nach der aktuellen Leitlinie „Intelligenzminderung“ der AWMF. Besonders empfehlenswert sind bei günstigem Nutzen-Risiko-Verhältnis in dieser Indikation nur Risperidon und Aripiprazol sowie aufgrund einer jüngst publizierten randomisierten Studie Zuclopenthixol. Generell gilt in der Pharmakotherapie von intelligenzgeminderten Kindern und Jugendlichen der Grundsatz „start low, go slow“. Eine Monotherapie sollte immer Vorrang vor einer Kombinationstherapie haben.

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Häßler, F., Warnke, A. (2016). Psychische Störungen bei Kindern und Jugendlichen mit Intelligenzminderung. In: Gerlach, M., Mehler-Wex, C., Walitza, S., Warnke, A., Wewetzer, C. (eds) Neuro-/Psychopharmaka im Kindes- und Jugendalter. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-48624-5_22

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-48624-5_22

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