Skip to main content

Biodiversity Conservation and Its Research Process

  • 1012 Accesses

Abstract

In this chapter, we mainly introduce the wildlife vertebrates and birds conservation and research. China has great habitat and biological diversity; however, many of wildlife are in peril due to habitat loss and over exploitation in the past few decades. Ever since, China had strengthened the protection of wild animals, especially the establishment of nature reserves. Here we take the protection of giant panda, Milu and Przewalski’s wild horse as case studies. For birds, China has extremely rich bird resources, highly endemism, but faces high threaten for endangered species. In addition, the development of molecular biology, bioacoustics, a variety of analytical software, various analytical models, etc, have played an important role in promoting the scientific researches and conservation of birds in China.

Keywords

  • Biodiversity
  • Vertebrates
  • Giant panda
  • Przewalski’s wild horse
  • Birds
  • Endangered bird species
  • Wild bird diseases
  • Conservation

This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution.

Buying options

Chapter
EUR   29.95
Price includes VAT (Netherlands)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
EUR   117.69
Price includes VAT (Netherlands)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
EUR   163.49
Price includes VAT (Netherlands)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
EUR   163.49
Price includes VAT (Netherlands)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions
Fig. 1

References

  • Altizer, S., Bartel, R., & Han, B. A. (2011). Animal migration and infectious disease risk. Science, 331, 296.

    CrossRef  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Avise, J. C., Arnold, J., Ball, R. M., et al. (1987). Intraspecific phylogeography: The mitochondrial DNA bridge between population genetics and systematics. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 18, 489–522.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Bird Life International. (2001). Threatened birds of Asia: The bird life international red data book. Cambridge, UK: BirdLife International.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cao, K. (1992). Selection of suitable area for re-introduction of wild Père David’s deer in China. In N. Ohtaishi & H. L. Sheng (Eds). Deer of China, biology and management. B. V. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Elserver Science.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chen, Y., Chen, Y., & Liu, H. (1996). Studies on the position of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau region in zoogeographical division and its eastern demarcation line. Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica, 20, 97–103.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chen, H. L., Li, Y. B., Li, Z. J., et al. (2006). Properties and dissemination of H5N1 viruses isolation during an influenza outbreak in migratory waterfowls in western China. Journal of Virology, 80(12), 5976–5983.

    CrossRef  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chen, J., Weng, C., Chao, J., Hu, D., & Taya, K. (2008). Reproduction and development of the released Przewalski’s horses (Equus przewalskii) in Xinjiang, China. Journal of Equine Science, 19, 1–7.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Cheng, T. H., Zheng, G. M., & Zhang, F. Y. (1997). Fauna sinica: Aves (Vol. 1, pp. 1–199). Beijing: Science Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Crisp, M. D., Laffan, S., Linder, H. P., et al. (2001). Endemism in the Australian flora. Journal of Biogeography, 28, 183–198.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Cui, P., Hou, Y. S., Tang, M. J., et al. (2011a). Movements of the bar-headed geese Anser indicus in relation to H5N1 spread during breeding and post breeding periods in Qinghai Lake, China. Journal of Ornithology, 152, 83–92.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Cui, P., Hou, Y. S., Xing, Z., et al. (2011b). Bird migration and risk for H5N1 transmission into Qinghai Lake, China. Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases, 11(5), 567–576.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Dai, C. Y., Zhao, N., Wang, W. J., et al. (2011). Application of phylogeographic and ecological niche models to an East Asian subspecies group of black-throated tit (Aegithalos concinnus talifuensis–concinnus): Novel patterns, complex dynamics, multiple refugia and conservation insights. PLoS ONE, 6(12), e29329.

    CrossRef  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ding, C. Q. (2004). Research on the crested ibis (pp. 1–388). Shanghai: Education Press of Shanghai Science and Technology.

    Google Scholar 

  • Du, Y., Zhou, F., Shu, X. L., et al. (2009). The impact of global warming on China avifauna. Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 34(3), 664–674.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hewitt, G. M. (2000). The genetic legacy of the quaternary ice ages. Nature, 405, 907–913.

    CrossRef  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hu, X. D., Liu, D., Wang, M. Y., et al. (2011). Clade 2.3.2 avian influenza virus (H5N1), Qinghai Lake region, China, 2009–2010. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 17, 560–562.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Huang, Z., Liu, N., & Liang, W. (2010a). Phylogeography of Chinese bamboo partridge, Bambusicola thoracica thoracica (Aves: Galliformes) in south China: Inference from mitochondrial DNA control-region sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 56, 273–280.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Huang, X. L., Qiao, G. X., & Lei, F. M. (2010b). Use of parsimony analysis to identify areas of endemism of Chinese birds: implications for conservation and biogeography. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 11(5), 2097–2108.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • IUCN. (2013). IUCN red list of threatened species. Version 2013.2. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded on February 07, 2014.

  • Jiang, Z., Feng, Z., Yu, C., Zhang, L., Xia, J., Ding, Y., & Lindsay, N. (2000). Reintroduction and recovery of Père David’s deer in China. Wildlife Society Bulletin, 28(3), 681–687.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jiang, Z., et al. (2014). Principles in conservation biology. Beijing: Science Press (In Press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Jiang, Z., Zhou, Z., Meng, X., Meng, Z., Li, L., Ping, X., et al. (2013). Domestic and CITES regulations controlling the international snake trade in China. Oryx, 47(4), 532–534.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Kou, Z., Lei, F. M., Yu, J., et al. (2005). New genotype avian influenza H5N1 viruses were isolated from tree sparrows in China. Journal of Virology, 79(24), 15460–15466.

    CrossRef  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kou, Z., Li, Y. D., Yin, Z. H., et al. (2009). The survey of H5N1 flu virus in wild birds in 14 provinces of China from 2004 to 2007. PLoS ONE, 4(9), e6926.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Lei, F. M., & Lu, T. C. (2006). China endemic birds (pp. 1–640). Beijing: Science Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lei, F. M., Qu, Y. H., Lu, J. L., et al. (2003a). Conservation on diversity and distribution patterns of endemic birds in China. Biodiversity and Conservation, 12(2), 239–254.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Lei, F. M., Qu, Y. H., Tang, Q. Q., et al. (2003b). Priorities for the conservation of avian biodiversity in China based on the distribution patterns of endemic bird genera. Biodiversity and Conservation, 12(12), 2487–2501.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Lei, F. M., Wei, G. A., Zhao, H. F., et al. (2007). China subregional avian endemism and biodiversity conservation. Biodiversity and Conservation, 16, 1119–1130.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Li, L., & Jiang, Z. (2014). International trade of CITES listed bird species in China. PLoS ONE (In press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Li, R., et al. (2010a). The complete genome sequence of the giant panda. Nature, 463, 311–317.

    CrossRef  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li, Y. D., Li, P., Lei, F. M., et al. (2010b). Persistent circulation of highly pathogenic influenza H5N1 virus in Lake Qinghai area of China. Avian Diseases, 54(2), 821–829.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Li, Y. B., Shi, J. Z., Zhong, G. X., et al. (2010c). Continued evolution of H5N1 influenza viruses in wild birds, domestic poultry, and humans in China from 2004 to 2009. Journal of Virology, 84, 8389–8397.

    CrossRef  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li, Y., Liu, L., Zhang, Y., et al. (2011a). New avian influenza virus (H5N1) in wild birds, Qinghai, China. Emergency Infectious Diseases, 17, 265–267.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Li, C., Yang, X., Ding, Y., Zhang, L., Fang, H., Tang, S., & Jiang, Z. (2011b). Do Père David’s deer lose memories of their ancestral predators? PLoS ONE, 6(8), e23623.

    CrossRef  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li, L., Wang, Z., Zerbe, S., Abdusalih, N., Tang, Z., et al. (2013). Species richness patterns and water-energy dynamics in the drylands of Northwest China. PLoS ONE, 8(6), e66450.

    CrossRef  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liu, J. H., Xiao, H. X., Lei, F., et al. (2005). Highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus infection in migratory birds. Science, 309, 1206.

    CrossRef  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Luo, Z., Tang, S., Li, C., Fang, H., Hu, H., Yang, J., et al. (2012). Environmental effects on vertebrate species richness: Testing the energy, environmental stability and habitat heterogeneity hypotheses. PLoS ONE, 7(4), e35514.

    CrossRef  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maddison, N. R., Jiang, Z., & Boyd, M. (2012). The Père David’s Deer: Clinging on by a cloven hoof. WAZA Magazine, 13, 29–32.

    Google Scholar 

  • Normile, D. (2005). Are wild birds to blame? Science, 310, 426–428.

    CrossRef  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pan, W., et al. (2001). A chance for lasting survival. Beijing: Beijing University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Peng, J., Jiang, Z., & Hu, J. (2001). Status and conservation of giant panda. Folia Zoologica, 50, 81–88.

    Google Scholar 

  • Peng, J., Jiang, Z., Qin, G., Huang, Q., Li, Y., Fang, H., et al. (2009). Mate choice in giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca). Belgian Journal Zoology, 139, 87–92.

    Google Scholar 

  • Qu, Y. H., Ericson, P. G., Lei, F. M., et al. (2005). Postglacial colonization of the Tibet plateau inferred from the matrilineal genetic structure of the endemic red-necked snow finch, Pyrgilauda ruficollis. Molecular Ecology, 14, 1767–1781.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Qu, Y. H., Lei, F. M., Zhang, R. Y., et al. (2010). Comparative phylogeography of five avian species: Implications for Pleistocene evolutionary history in the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau. Molecular Ecology, 19, 338–351.

    CrossRef  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Qu, Y. H., Luo, X., Zhang, R. Y., et al. (2011). Lineage diversification and historical demography of a montane bird Garrulax elliotii—implications for the Pleistocene evolutionary history of the eastern Himalayas. BMC Evolutionary Biology, 11, 174.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Schaller, G. B., Hu, J., Pan, W., & Zhu, J. (1985). The giant panda of wolong. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Solymos, P., & Feher, Z. (2005). Conservation prioritization based on distribution of land snails in Hungary. Conservation Biology, 4, 1084–1094.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Song, G., Qu, Y. H., Yin, Z. H., et al. (2009). Phylogeography of the Alcippe morrisonia (Aves: Timaliidae): Long population history beyond late Pleistocene glaciations. BMC Evolutionary Biology, 9, 143.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Spellman, G. M., Riddle, B., & Klicka, J. (2007). Phylogeography of the mountain chickadee (Poecile gambeli): Diversification, introgression, and expansion in response to Quaternary climate change. Molecular Ecology, 16, 1055–1068.

    CrossRef  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stattersfield, A. J., Crowby, M. J., Long, H. J., et al. (1998). Endemic bird areas of the world: Priorities for biodiversity conservation: conservation series 7. Cambridge, UK: Birdlife International.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang, K. F., Zhang, J. R., & Lei, F. M. (2010). Geographical distribution pattern and its temporal and spatial variation of birds breeding in zoogeographical subregion of China. Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 35(1), 145–157.

    Google Scholar 

  • Xu, Y., Ran, J. H., & Yue, B. S. (2008). The updated number of speciesof birds in Sichuan. Sichuan Journal of Zoology, 27(3), 429–431.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yang, L. (2004). The avifauna of Yunnan China (pp. 1–1056). Yunnan: Yunnan Science and Technology Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yang, L., & Lei, F. M. (2009). Morphological taxonomy, fauna and zoogeography of birds in China. Zootaxonomica Sinica, 34(2), 316–328.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yang, S. J., Lei, F. M, & Dong, H. L. (2009). Phylogeography of regional fauna on the Tibetan Plateau. Progress in Natural Science, pp. 789–799.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yang, S. J., Yin, Z. H., Ma, X. M., et al. (2006). Phylogeography of ground tit (Pseudopodoces humilis) based on mtDNA: Evidence of past fragmentation on the Tibetan Plateau. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 41, 257–265.

    CrossRef  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yin, Z. H., Lei, F. M., Ding, W. N., et al. (1999). The new discovery of breeding site of the black-faced spoonbill (Platalea minor) in China. Chinese Journal of Zoology, 33(6), 30–31.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yu, X. P., Liu, N. F., Xi, Y. M., et al. (2006). Reproductive success of the crested ibis nipponia nippon. Bird Conservation International, 16, 325–343.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Zeng, Y., Li, C., Zhang, L., Zhong, Z., & Jiang, Z. (2013). No correlation between neonatal fitness and heterozygosity in a reintroduced population of Père David’s deer. Current Zoology, 59(2), 249–256.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, Y. Y. (2005). A review on the research of the Cabot’s tragopan. Chinese Journal of Zoology, 40(1), 104–107.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhao, S., Zheng, P., Dong, S., et al. (2013). Whole-genome sequencing of giant pandas provides insights into demographic history and local adaptation. Nature Genetics, 45, 67–71.

    CrossRef  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zheng, G. M. (Ed.). (2011). A checklist on the classification and distribution of the birds of China (second edition) (pp. 1–444). Beijing: Science Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhou, Z., & Jiang, Z. (2004). International trade status and crisis of snake species in China. Conservation Biology, 18, 1384–1396.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Moucheng Liu .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and Permissions

Copyright information

© 2015 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg and Higher Education Press

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Jiang, Z., Lei, F., Zhang, C., Liu, M. (2015). Biodiversity Conservation and Its Research Process. In: Li, W. (eds) Contemporary Ecology Research in China. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-48376-3_2

Download citation