Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Ecological Restoration in the Typical Areas

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Contemporary Ecology Research in China

  • 1417 Accesses

Abstract

Human activities are strongly regional and targeted, and usually tightly bound to the regional natural resources, the needs of social economic development, and ecological fragility, which cause typical regional ecosystem degradation problems. For serious degradation areas, it is an effective way to carry out regional ecological restoration and construction for restoration ecology study, which is the key to promote sustainable development and ecological security, and also the urgent requirement for the current reality. According to the demand of regional sustainable development, this chapter focused on ecological deterioration, and restoration and construction in typical areas. The chapter specially made thematic discussions on new progression in degradation problems of developing and utilizing the resource, ecological restoration practices, theory, techniques, mode, and management. This chapter was trying to provide experience and lessons, macro guidance and decision-making reference for ecological restoration in typical areas. From the regional cases of this chapter, we can see that regional ecological restoration and construction is intricate. Finally, it is necessary to point out that there are many regional ecological restoration cases, here just introduce several cases in western fragile region. The ecological restoration cases revealed in this chapter are just the first attempt to conclude the past experiences in China, which are initial identification for correlated theories and methods.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Abernethy, V. D. (2001). Carrying capacity: The tradition and policy implications of limits. Ethics in Science and Environmental Politics, 2001, 9–18.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bao, W. K., & Chen, Q. H. (1999). The processes and features of the ecosystem degradation. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 18, 36–42. (In Chinese with English abstract).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bao, W. K., & Liu, Z. G. (1999). Human-induced disturbance regime in the Dagou valley in the upper reaches of the Minjiang River. Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology, 5, 233–239. (In Chinese with English abstract).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bao, W. K., Chen, Q. H., & Chen, K. M. (1999a). Environment control techniques for the vegetation restoration in the dry valley in the upper reaches of the Minjiang River. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 10, 95–98. (In Chinese with English abstract).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bao, W. K., Chen, Q. H., & Liu, Z. G. (1999b). Productivity dynamics and optimal adjustment of nine interplanting communities in dry valley in the upper reaches of the Minjiang River. Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology, 5, 136–141. (In Chinese with English abstract).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bao, W. K., Chen, J. Z., & Qiao, Y. K. (1999c). Eco-agricultural construction in the dry valley in the upper reaches of the Minjiang River. Eco-Agricultural Research, 7, 66–68. (In Chinese with English abstract).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bao, W. K., Chen, Q. H., & Liu, Z. G. (2000). Changes of the structure and the species composition of the degraded Quercus community along varied disturbance gradients. Yunnan Acta Botany, 22, 307–316. (In Chinese with English abstract).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bao, W. K., Pang, X. Y., Wang, C. M., & He, Q. H. (2007). The arid valley and its ecological restoration. In N. Wu (Ed.), Restoration and reconstruction for the mountain degradation ecosystem—the theory and practice of the upper Minjiang River. Chengdu: Sichuan Science and Technology Press. (In Chinese with English abstract).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bao, W. K., Pang, X. Y., Li, F. L., Zhou, Z. Q., et al. (2012). The scientific basis of ecological restoration and sustainable management for the Arid valley. Beijing: Science Press. (In Chinese).

    Google Scholar 

  • Cai, G., & Guo, Q. (2004). The problems and idea of ecological animal husbandry development. Chinese Qinghai Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 34(3), 39–40.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cao, J. H., Zhou, L., & Yang, H. (2011a). Comparative study of soil carbon transfer between karst area and clasolite area covered forest and the karst carbon sink effect in Maocun village of Guilin. Quaternary Sciences, 31(3), 431–436. (in Chinese with English abstract).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cao, J. H., Zhu, M. J., & Huang, F. (2011b). Comparison study on calcium forms in plant leaves under different geological backgrounds—a case study in Maolan, Guizhou Province. Bulletin of Mineralogy, Petrology and Geochemistry, 30(3), 251–260. (in Chinese with English abstract).

    Google Scholar 

  • Cao, J. H., Yuan, D. X., Groves, C., et al. (2012). Carbon fluxes and sinks: The consumption of atmospheric and soil CO2 by carbonate rock dissolution. Acta Geologica Sinca, 86(4), 963–972.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chai, Z. X., & Fan, J. R. (2001). Study on the restoration of vegetation in arid-hot valleys along the Jinshajiang River. Journal of Montain Science, 19, 381–384. (In Chinese with English abstract).

    Google Scholar 

  • Chambers, J. C. (1997). Restoring alpine ecosystems in the western United States: Environmental constraints, disturbance characteristics, and restoration success. In K. M. Urbanska, N. R. Webb, & P. J. Edwards (Eds.), Restoration ecology and sustainable development (pp. 161–187). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chen, S. (1990). Population problem on loess plateau (pp. 177–178). Beijing: China Economic Publishing House.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chen, Y., & Gao, J. (1984). Time characteristic of great climatic disasters of died people over ten thousand in Chinese history. Discovery of Nature, 2.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chen, W. H., Zhu, D. H., & Dai, A. D. (2005). Study of data base construction of karst caves in China. Land and Resources Information, 1, 14–17. (in Chinese).

    Google Scholar 

  • Chung, C. H., Zhuo, R. Z., & Xu, G. W. (2004). Creation of Spartina plantations for reclaiming Dongtai, China, tidal flats and offshore sands. Ecological Engineering, 23, 135–150.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Costanza, R., et al. (1997). The value of the world’s ecosystem services and natural capital. Nature, 387, 253–260.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cui, J., & Li, M. L. (2008). Progress in the development and utilization of Chinese red pepper. China Forest Science and Technology, 22, 9–14.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davis, M. A., & Slobodkin, L. B. (2004). The science and values of restoration ecology. Restoration Ecology, 12, 1–3.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Del Monte-Luna, P., Brook, B. W., Zetina-rejo, M. J., et al. (2004). The carrying capacity of ecosystems. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 13(6), 485–495.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Deng, W. (2009). The prospective study of reconstruction planning after “Wenchuan Earthqueke” based on the distribution of resources and environment carry capacity. Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 24(1), 28–33.

    Google Scholar 

  • Deng, W. (2010). Discussion on mountain area resource and environment carry capacity. Geographical Research, 29(6), 959–969.

    Google Scholar 

  • Deng, Y., Jiang, Z. C., Cao, J. H., et al. (2004). Characteristics comparison of the leaf anatomy of Cyclobalanopsis glauca and its adaption to the environment of typical karst peak cluster areas in Nongla. Guihaia, 24(4), 317–322. (in Chinese with English abstract).

    Google Scholar 

  • Dhondt, A. A. (1988). Carrying capacity: A confusing concept. Acta Oecologica/Oceologia Generalis, 9(4), 337–346.

    Google Scholar 

  • Duan, Y. H., Bai, Z. K., & Zhao, J. K. (1999). The preliminary study on water properties of the weathered products of gangue in the shallow layers of gangue mountains in Shanxi province. Journal of China Coal Society, 24(5), 533–537. (in Chinese).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ehrenfeld, J. G. (2000). Defining the limits of restoration: The need for realistic goals. Restoration Ecology, 8, 2–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ewel, J. J. (1987). Restoration is the ultimate test of ecological theory. In W. R. Jordan, M. E. Gilpin, & J. D. Aber (Eds.), Restoration ecology: A synthetic approach to ecological research (pp. 31–33). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ewel, K. C., Cressa, C., Kneib, R. T., Lake, P. S., Levin, L. A., Palmer, M. A., et al. (2001). Managing critical transition zones. Ecosystems, 4, 452–460.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fan, J. (2009). Evaluation of resources and environment carrying capacity of reconstruction planning in Wenchuan Earthquake. Beijing: Science Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fan, J. (2010). Evaluation of resources and environment carrying capacity of restoration and reconstruction in Yushu Earthquake. Beijing: Science Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fan, J. H., Liu, Q., Ma, Z. L., Zhang, J. Y., & Chen, G. W. (2006). Environmental impact of hydropower development in the upper reaches of Minjiang River. Sichuan Environment, 25, 23–27. (In Chinese with English abstract).

    Google Scholar 

  • Fan, J., Tao, A., Chen, T., et al. (2008). Fundamental function in resource and environment carrying capacity evaluation in the state planning for post-Weuchuan Earthquake restoration and reconstruction. Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 23(5), 387–392.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ford, D. C., & Paul, W. (2008). Karst geomorphology and hydrology. West Sussex, England: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fuhlendorf, S. D., & Smeins, F. E. (1997). Long-term vegetation dynamics mediated by herbivores, weather and fire in a Juniperus-Quercus savanna. Journal of Vegetation Science, 8, 819–828.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gaillardet, J., Dupré, B., Louvat, P., & Allegre, C. (1999). Global silicate weathering and CO2 consumption rates deduced from the chemistry of large rivers. Chemical Geology, 159(1), 3–30.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gao, J. (2001). Discussion of the theory of sustainable development: ecological carrying theory, method and its application. Beijing: China Environmental Science Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Guillaume, M., Berg, W. A, & Herron, J. T. (1986). Performance of native and introduced species seven years after seeding on alpine disturbance. In M. A. Shuster & R. H. Zuck (Eds.), Proceedings: High altitude revegetation workshop no. 7, information series no. 58, fort collins (pp. 131–141). CO: Water Resources Research Institute.

    Google Scholar 

  • He, Y., Zhou, H., Zhao, X., Lai, D., & Zhao, J. (2008). Alpine grassland degradation and its restoration on Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Prataculture Animal Husbandry, 11, 1–9.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hobbs, R. J., & Cramer, V. A. (2008). Restoration ecology: Interventionist approaches for restoring and maintaining ecosystem function in the face of rapid environmental change. Annual Review of Environment and Resources, 33, 39–61.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hobbs, R. J., & Norton, D. A. (1996). Towards a conceptual framework for restoration ecology. Restoration Ecology, 4, 93–110.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Holl, K. D., & Howarth, R. B. (2000). Paying for restoration. Restoration Ecology, 8, 260–267.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hou, M. F., & Jiang, Z. C. (2006). Species diversity of karst original forest in different geochemical environments in Maolan. Ecology and Environment, 15(3), 572–576. (in Chinese with English abstract).

    Google Scholar 

  • House, P. W. (1974). The carrying capacity of a region: a planning mode. OMEGA, 2(5), 667–676.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hu, Z. Q. (1995a). Afforestation of waste pile in semi-arid areas. Journal of China Coal Society, 20(3), 322–327. (in Chinese).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hu, Z. Q. (1995b). Surface mine land reclamation research. Beijing: China Coal Industry Publishing House. (in Chinese).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hu, Z. Q. (1995c). Waste rock mountain greening afforestation of basic technical mode. Coal Mine Environmental Protection, 9(6), 35–37. (in Chinese).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hu, Z. Q. (1996). Land resource management and reclamation of coal mining subsidence land. Beijing: China Coal Industry Publishing House. (in Chinese).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hu, Z. Q. (1997). The basic principles and methods of coal mines reclaimed soil profile reconstruction. Journal of China Coal Society, 22(6), 617–622. (in Chinese).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hu, Z. (2000a). The importance of artificial grassland in the development of prataculture and the control of environment in China of 21 century. Grassland and turf, 1, 12–15.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hu, Z. (2000b). The prataculture development and ecological environment on Tibetan Plateau. Beijing: China Tibetology Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hu, Z. Q., Liu, H. B., Liu, Q., & Xu, F. S. (1994). Try to discuss reclamation planning and design mining in subsidence land. Mine Surveying, 2, 32–34. (in Chinese).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hu, Z. Q., Li, P. B., & Zhang, G. C. (2006). Coal waste piles reclamation. Beijing: China Coal Industry Publishing House. (in Chinese).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hu, Z. Q., Bian, Z. F., Cheng, S., Zhao, Y. L., Yang, F., Zheng, L. Q., et al. (2008). Land reclamation and ecological reconstruction. Xuzhou: China University of Mining and Technology Press. (in Chinese).

    Google Scholar 

  • Huang, B. (1983). Several problems on soil conservation in the middle Yellow River. Beijing: Science Press. (Strategy on territorial management in China).

    Google Scholar 

  • Huang, C. M., Xue, Y. G., Wei, Y., et al. (2000). Habitat vegetation and selection of white-headed leaf monkey (Trachypithecus leucocephalus). Acta Therapy Iologica Sinica, 20(3), 180–185. (in Chinese with English abstract).

    Google Scholar 

  • Institute of soil and water conservation, Chinese academy of sciences and Ministry of water resources. (1990). Study of water and soil conservation type of ecological agriculture in loess hilly region. Yangling: Tianze Publishing House.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jiang, Y. X., & Lu, J. P. (1991). Jianfengling tropical forest ecosystem in Hainandao. China, Beijing: Science Press. (in Chinese).

    Google Scholar 

  • Jiang, Z. C., Wen, J. T., Xie, Y. Q., et al. (1996). Karst in Beijing’s western mountain. Guilin: Guangxi Normal University Publishing House. (in Chinese).

    Google Scholar 

  • Jin, Z. Z., & Ou, X. K. (2000). Vegetation in the dry-hot valley along the Yuanjiang River, Nujiang River, Jinshajing River, Lancang River. Kunming: Yunnan University Press. (In Chinese).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ke, J., et al. (1983). Preliminary study on environment and rate of soil erosion. Geographical Research, 2(2), 21–29.

    Google Scholar 

  • Li, D. T. (1985). Instruction on the types of China’s soluble rock. Beijing: Sinomaps Press. (in Chinese).

    Google Scholar 

  • Li, W. (2008). Study on reasonable allocation of regional agricultural resources, synthetic treatment of environment and balanced development of agricultural regions in China— agricultural ecological problems and comprehensive treatment. Beijing: China Agriculture Press, pp. 362–365.

    Google Scholar 

  • Li, D. T., & Luo, Y. (1983). Measurement of carbonate rocks distribution area in China. Carsologica Sinica, 2(2), 147–150. (in Chinese with English abstract).

    Google Scholar 

  • Li, X. K., Su, Z. M., Lu, S. H., et al. (2003). The spatial pattern of natural vegetation in the karst regions of guangxi and the ecological signality for ecosystem rehabilitation and reconstruction. Journal of Mountain Science, 21(2), 129–139. (in Chinese with English abstract).

    Google Scholar 

  • Li, P. B., Hu, Z. Q., Wu, J., Kang, J. T., & Wang, J. (2006a). Research and discussion on the hazards and greening technology of coal gangue dump. Mining Research and Development, 26(4), 93–96. (in Chinese).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li, P. B., Hu, Z. Q., Wu, J., Zhao, Y. L., & Zang, Z. R. (2006b). Study on model of vegetation rehabilitation technique on coal waste pile. Journal of Shandong Forestry Science and Technology, 4, 13–15. (in Chinese).

    Google Scholar 

  • Li, Q., Chen, Y. Q., Guo, X., Duan, Y., Chen, Y. L., & Xu, Z. H. (2007). Diversity of ants on the ground in different habitats in Yuanmou arid-hot valley, Yunnan. Journal Fujian College Forest, 27, 272–277. (In Chinese with English abstract).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li, F. L., Bao, W. K., Wu, N., et al. (2008a). Growth, biomass partitioning, and water-use efficiency of a leguminous shrub (Bauhinia faberi var. microphylla) in response to various water availabilities. New Forests, 36, 53–65.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • LI, Y., ZHAO, X., & Wang, S. (2008b). The climate change and vegetation productivity features in the source area of the Yangtze River and Yellow River. Journal of Mountain Science, 26(3), 678–683.

    Google Scholar 

  • Li, F. L., Bao, W. K., Pang, X. Y., & Leng, L. (2009a). Seeding emergence, survival and growth of five endemic species in the dry valley of Minjiang River. Acta Ecology Sinica, 29, 2219–2230. (In Chinese with English abstract).

    Google Scholar 

  • Li, X. R., Zhang, Y. M., & Zhao, Y. G. (2009b). A study of biological soil crusts recent development, trend and prospect. Advances in Earth Science, 24, 11–24. (In Chinese with English abstract).

    Google Scholar 

  • Li, Y. J., Bao, W. K., & Wu, F. Z. (2010a). Soil seed bank and natural regeneration potential of shrub land in dry valleys of Minjiang River. Acta Ecology Sinica, 30, 399–407. (In Chinese with English abstract).

    Google Scholar 

  • Li, Z., Li, G., & Qin, P. (2010b). The prediction of ecological potential for developing salt-tolerant oil plants on coastal saline land in Sheyang Saltern. China Ecological Engineering, 36(1), 27–35.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Li, Y. J., Bao, W. K., & Wu, N. (2011). Spatial patterns of the soil seed bank and extant vegetation across the dry Minjiang River valley in Southwest China. Journal of Arid Environments, 75, 1083–1089.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liang, H., & Wang, J. (1998). A relative analysis between the lithological features and the characteristics of flood discharge and low flow in karst district-case study of the rivers, Guizhou Province. Carsologica Sinica, 17(1), 67–76. (in Chinese with English abstract).

    Google Scholar 

  • Liu, Z. G., & Bao, W. K. (2001). A fundamental ideology for ecological construction. World Science-Technology, 23, 31–35. (In Chinese with English abstract).

    Google Scholar 

  • Liu, Y., & Hou, H. (2009). Trend and suggestion on regional resources and environment carrying capacity research. Natural Resource Economics of China, 9, 19–21.

    Google Scholar 

  • Liu, D., et al. (1985). Loess and environment (pp. 191–199). Beijing: Science Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Liu, Z. G, Bao, W. K, Wu, N., et al. (2000). Ecological reconstruction in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River: Environmental problems, degraded mechanism and rehabilitation methodology. World Science-Technology, Suppl, pp. 32–35. (In Chinese with English abstract).

    Google Scholar 

  • Liu, F. Y., Zhu, H., Shi, J. P., & Chen, X. M. (2007). Characteristics of plant communities and their soil fertilities in dry-hot valley of Yuanjiang County, Yunnan, China. Chinese Journal of Applied Environmental Biology, 13, 782–787. (In Chinese with English abstract).

    Google Scholar 

  • Lu, M. G., Cao, J. H., & He, Y. Y. (2006). The comparative study of biogeochemistry between limestone soil and red soil in Maocun, Guilin. Guangxi Sciences, 13(1), 58–64. (in Chinese with English abstract).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Luo, D. H., Xia, Q., Yuan, Q. W., et al. (2010). Root biomass of karst vegetation in a mountainous area of southwestern China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 34(5), 611–618. (in Chinese with English abstract).

    Google Scholar 

  • Luo, H., & Wang, K. Q. (2006). Soil seed bank and aboveground vegetation in Jinshajing hot-dry river valley hillslope vegetation restoration. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 26, 2432–2442. (In Chinese with English abstract).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ma, S. J. (1991). Strategy on China’s ecological development. Beijing: China Economic Publishing House. (in Chinese).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ma, Y., & Li, Q. (1999). Experiment of ruderal control on “black soil type” degraded grassland prataculturae. Science, 16, 46–50.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ma, Y., Zhang, Z., Dong, Q., Shi, J., Wang, Y., & Sheng, L. (2007). Application of restoration ecology in-black soil type degraded grassland rebuilding. Journal of Gansu Agricultural University, 42(2), 7–16.

    Google Scholar 

  • Millar, C. I., & Brubaker, L. B. (2006). Climate change and paleoecology: New contexts for restoration ecology. In D. A. Falk, M. Palmer, & J. Zedler (Eds.), Foundations of restoration ecology (pp. 315–340). Washington, D.C: Island Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mitsch, W. J., & Gosselink, J. G. (2007). Wetlands (4th ed.). New York: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moseley, R. K., & Ya, Tang. (2006). Vegetation dynamics in the dry valleys of Yunnan, China, during the last 150 years: implications for the ecological restoration. Journal of Plant Ecology, 30, 713–722.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Munhoven, G. (2002). Glacial–interglacial changes of continental weathering: estimates of the related CO2 and HCO3 − flux variations and their uncertainties. Global and Planetary Change, 33(1), 155–176.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Palmer, M. A., & Filoso, S. (2009). Restoration of ecosystem services for environmental markets. Science, 325, 575–576.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Parker, V. T. (1997). The scale of successional models and restoration objectives. Restoration Ecology, 5, 301–306.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Peng, S., & Ren, H. (2003). Introduction to restoration ecology. Beijing: Science Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Peng, S. P. (2009). China coal resource exploitation and environmental protection. Science and Technology Review, 27(17), 1. (in Chinese).

    Google Scholar 

  • Price, D. (1999). Carrying capacity reconsidered. Population and Environment, 21(1), 5–26.

    Google Scholar 

  • Qi, Y., Yu, Y., & Peng, S. (2007). Ecosystem services and ecological valuation of the forest-fruit-grass-fish ecosystem in hilly region, Heshan, Guangdong, China. Ecology and Environment, 16, 584–591.

    Google Scholar 

  • Qin, P., Xie, M., Jiang, Y., & Chung, C. (1997). Estimation of the ecological-economic benefits of two Spartina alterniflora plantations in North Jiangsu. China. Ecol. Eng., 8, 5–17.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Qin, P., Xie, M., & Jiang, Y. (1998). Spartina green food ecological engineering. Ecological Engineering, 11, 147–156.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ruan, C. J., Li, H., Guo, Y. Q., & Qin, P. (2008). Kosteletzkya virginica, an agroecoengineering halophytic species for alternative agricultural production in China’s east coast: Ecological adaptation and benefits, seed yield, oil content, fatty acid and biodiesel properties. Ecological Engineering, 32(1), 320–328.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shen, Y., & Hong, Q. (2003). Effective prevention and countermeasure study of soil erosion on loess plateau. Science of Soil and Water Conservation, 1(2), 22–27.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shen, Y., & Yang, Q. (2006). Study on divisions of ecological and geography and agro-ecology modes on loess plateau: Physical geography and ecological construction (pp. 443–449). Beijing: China Meteorological Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shen, Y. X., Liu, W. Y., & Zhang, Y. D. (2003). The effect of rehabilitation on vegetation species composition and soil seed bank at a degraded dry valley in Dongchuan, Yunnan Province. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 3, l454–l460. (In Chinese with English abstract).

    Google Scholar 

  • Sleeser, M. (1990). Enhancement of carrying capacity options ECCO. London: The Resource Use Institute.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sun, S. C., & Bao, W. K. (2005). Restoration ecology. Beijing: Chemical Industry Press. (In Chinese).

    Google Scholar 

  • Sun, H., Tang, Y., Wang, C. M., et al. (2001). Contour hedgerow intercropping for exploitation and conservation of slope cropland in mountain areas. Journal of Mountain Science, 19, 125–159. (In Chinese with English abstract).

    Google Scholar 

  • Sun, H., Tang, Y., Huang, X. J., et al. (2005). Present situations and its R&D of dry valleys in the Hengduan Mountains of Southwest China. World Science-Technology, 27, 54–61. (In Chinese with English abstract).

    Google Scholar 

  • Synthetical expedition team on loess plateau, Chinese academy of sciences. (1990a). Vegetation resources and rational utilization on loess plateau. Beijing: China Science and Technology Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Synthetical expedition team on loess plateau, Chinese academy of sciences. (1990b). Hierarchical dataset on slope of cultivated land on loess plateau in China. Beijing: China Ocean Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Synthetical expedition team on loess plateau, Chinese academy of sciences. (1990c). Comprehensive development and rational distribution of agriculture, forestry and animal husbandry on loess plateau. Beijing: Science Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Synthetical expedition team on loess plateau, Chinese academy of sciences. (1991). Rational utilization of energy resource and solutions of rural energy on loess plateau. Beijing: Science Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Synthetical expedition team on loess plateau, Chinese academy of sciences. (1992). Dataset on resources, environment, society and economy on loess plateau (pp. 529–531). Beijing: China Economic Publishing House.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tai, P. D., Sun, T. H., Jia, H. Y., Li, P. J., & Li, W. J. (2002). Restoration for refuse dump of open-cast mine steppe region. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 16(3), 90–93. (in Chinese).

    Google Scholar 

  • Tang, Y., Xie, J. H., Chen, K. M., et al. (2002). Role and Potential of Woody Fodder Development and Its Potential in Soil Conservation. Research Soil Water Conser, 9, l50–l54. (In Chinese with English abstract).

    Google Scholar 

  • Tang, Y., Sun, H., Xie, J. H., et al. (2003). Sustainable mountain development in West China: some emerging issues. Journal of Mountain Science, 21, 1–8.

    Google Scholar 

  • The ministry of water resources of the people’s republic of China, Chinese academy of sciences, Chinese academy of engineering. (2010). Prevention and cure of water and soil erosion and ecological safety in China—vollume in northwest and loess plateau (pp. 1–23). Beijing: Science Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tyler, G., & Ström, L. (1995). Differing organic acid exudation pattern explains calcifuge and acidifuge behaviour of plants. Annals of Botany, 75(1), 75–78.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, S. (1988). Natural disaster and prevention in the west of loess plateau in history. In Comprehensive treatment and development of loess plateau. Beijing: Science Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang, G. (2010). Heyuan area of surface processes and environmental changes in Qinghai Tibet Plateau. Beijing: Science Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang, G., & Cheng, G. (2001). Characteristics of grassland and ecological changes of vegetations in the source regions of Yangtze and Yellow Rivers. Journal of Desert Research, 21, 101–107.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, S. J., JI, H. J., O’yang, Z. Y., et al. (1999). Preliminary study on the carbonate rock weathering and soil formation. Science in China (Series D), 29(5), 441–449. (in Chinese).

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang, J., Yao, X., Li, J., et al. (2000). Assessment for ecological carrying capacity of Heihe river basin. Research on Environmental Sciences, 13(2), 44–48.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang, C. M., Bao, W. K., Chen, J. Z., et al. (2003). Profile characteristics and nutrients of dry cinnamon soils in dry valley of the upper Minjiang River. Chinese Journal of Applied Environmental Biology, 9, 230–234. (In Chinese with English abstract).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, K. Q., Shen, Y. X., Chen, Q. B., et al. (2004). Soil water environment of artificial vegetation in Jinshajiang dry-hot volley. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 15, 809–813. (In Chinese with English abstract).

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang, W., Zhang, H. J., Zhang, C. L., Zheng, G. Q., & Li, M. S. (2008a). Influencing factors of vegetation restoration in coal waste piles—a case study of 280 coal waste piles in Yangquan city, Shanxi province. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation, 28(2), 147–152. (in Chinese).

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang, G., Qin, P., & Wan, S. (2008b). Ecological control and integral utilization of Spartina alterniflora. Ecological Engineering, 32(1), 249–255.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, Z., Zuo, C., Cao, W., Qin, W., Zhang, L., & Zhang, J. (2010). Ecological strategies and approaches of vegetation restoration in red soil hilly region. In Ecological restoration of water and soil conservation in China Second Academic Symposium, Guiyang (pp. 100–105).

    Google Scholar 

  • Wei, Z. Y., & Wang, Q. B. (2009). Research on limited factors of reclaimed soil in the large coal wastes pile in fushun west opencast coal mine. Research of Soil and Water Conservation, 16(1), 179–182. (in Chinese).

    Google Scholar 

  • Wei, Z. Y., Hu, Z. Q., & Bai, Z. K. (2001). The loose-heaped-ground method of soil reconstruction on the stackpiles of open-pit coal mine. Journal of China Coal Society, 26(1), 18–21. (in Chinese).

    Google Scholar 

  • Wei, Y. G., Zhong, S. H., & Wen, H. Q. (2004a). Studies of the flora and ecology gesneriaceae in guangxi province. Acta Botanica Yunnanica, 26(2), 173–182. (in Chinese with English abstract).

    Google Scholar 

  • Wei, Z. Y., Ma, R., Bai, Z. K., & Han, W. B. (2004b). Research on water erosion characteristics and its control measures in large dump of opencast coal mine in loess area—in the case of the south dump of ATB opencast coal mine. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 18(1), 164–167. (in Chinese).

    Google Scholar 

  • Wu, Z. X., Liu, Q. L., Huang, Q., et al. (2006). Experiments with the Site-preparation Afforestation of Pinus radiata D. Don in Arid areas. J Sichuan Forest Sci Technology, 27, 11–16.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wu, F. Z., Bao, W. K., Li, F. L., et al. (2008). Effects of the drought stress and N supply on the growth, biomass partitioning and water-use efficiency of the Sophora davidii seedlings. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 63, 248–255.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Xiang, S., Ding, J. L., Chen, Q. H., et al. (2007). The mode and technology of the ecological agriculture in the Arid Valley. In N. Wu (Eds). Restoration and reconstruction of the mountain degradation ecosystem-the theory and practice of the upper Minjiang River. Chengdu: Sichuan Science and Technology Press (In Chinese).

    Google Scholar 

  • Xiong, D. H., Zhou, H. Y., Zhong, Yang, et al. (2005). Studies on revegetation in the dry-hot valley of Jinsha River. Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Science, 18, 337–342. (In Chinese with English abstract).

    Google Scholar 

  • Yang, Q. (1990). Preliminary study on regional differentiation of natural environmental evolution and comprehensive treatment on loess plateau. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment, 4(1).

    Google Scholar 

  • Yang, Q. Z. (2007). Study on the arid-valley scrubs in the upper reaches of Minjing River. Journal of Mountain Science, 25, 1–9. (In Chinese with English abstract).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yang, J., Ding, Y., & Chen, R. (2007a). Assessment of eco-environmental vulnerability in the source regions of the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers. Journal of Desert Research, 27(6), 1012–1017.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yang, Z. Y., Su, J. R., Luo, D., et al. (2007b). Progress and perspectives on vegetation restoration in the dry-hot valley. Forest Res, 20, 563–568.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yuan, D. X. (1990). Advance on China’s karst geochemistry. Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology, 5, 41–42. (in Chinese).

    Google Scholar 

  • Yuan, D. X. (2001). World correlation of karst ecosystem: objectives and implementation plan. Advance in Earth Sciences, 16(4), 461–466. (in Chinese with English abstract).

    Google Scholar 

  • Yuan, D. X., & Cai, G. H. (1988). Karst environment science. Chongqing: Chongqing Publishing House of Science and Technology. (in Chinese).

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, R. Z. (1992a). The dry valleys of the Hengduan mountains region. Beijing: Science Press. (In Chinese).

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, W. (1992b). Study on loess plateau (pp. 18–19). Beijing: Science Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, L. (2009). Theory and methods of city ecological carrying capacity. Beijing: China Environmental Science Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, X. B., Yang, Z., & Zang, J. P. (2003a). Lithologic types on hill slopes and revegetation zoning in the Yuanmou hot and dry valley. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 39, 16–22. (In Chinese with English abstract).

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, Y., Zhao, X., & Huang, D. (2003b). Study on the sustainable utilization of the Qinghai Tibet alpine perennial artificial grassland. Acat Prataculturae Sinica, 12(3), 22–27.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, L., Li, W., Liu, X., et al. (2009). Carrying capacity: Origin, development and prospective. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 29(2), 878–888.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, H., Wu, X., & Qin, P. (2011). Interactions between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and phosphate-solubilizing fungus (Mortierella sp.) and their effects on Kostelelzkya virginica growth and soil enzyme activities of rhizosphere and bulk soils at different salinities. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 47, 543–554.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhao, S. (1991). Historical development and geographic distribution of agriculture (farming) in China. Geographical Research, 10(1).

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhao, X. (2011). Grassland ecosystem restoration and sustainable management of the source region of three river. Beijing: Science Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zheng, G. L., & Bian, Z. F. (1997). Coal gangue reclamation plastic design content and method. Coal Mine Environmental Protection, 11(2), 33–35. (in Chinese).

    Google Scholar 

  • Zheng, S. W., Li, Y. Q., Yue, Y. J., et al. (2007). A study of forestation experimentation in arid valley areas of the Minjiang River. Journal of Sichuan Forest Science Technology, 28, 57–61. (In Chinese with English abstract).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhou, Z. Q., Bao, W. K., Wu, F. Z., et al. (2008). Differences in growth and reproductive characters of Rosa hugonis in the dry valley of the upper Minjiang River, Sichuan. Acta Ecology Sinica, 28, 1820–1828. (In Chinese with English abstract).

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhou, Z. Q., Bao, W. K., Wu, F. Z., et al. (2009). Capability and limitation of regeneration of Rosa hugonis and Rosa soulieana in the dry valley of the upper Minjiang River. Acta Ecology Sinica, 29, 132–140. (In Chinese with English abstract).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhou, J., Wu, B., & Qin, P. (2010). Physiological factors for tolerance of Kosteletzkya virginica (L.) Presl to one-instar bollworms of Helicoverpa armigera. Acta Physiology Plant, 32(3), 519–529.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhou, H., Zhao, X., Wen, J., Chen, Z., Yao, B., Yang, Y., Xu, W., & Duan, J. (2012). The characters of soil and vegetation of the degenerated alpine steppe in Yellow River’s Source Region. Acat Prataculturae Sinica, 21(5), 1–11.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhu, S. Q., & He, J. X. (1993). The preliminary study on the law of the crown structure of masson’s pine in south-subtropical region. Journal Guizhou Agricultural College, 12(2), 36–44. (in Chinese with English abstract).

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhu, S. Q., Wei, L. M., Chen, Z. R., et al. (1995). Preliminary study on biomass components of karst forest in Maolan of Guizhou. China Acta Phytoecologica Sinica, 19(4), 358–367. (in Chinese with English abstract).

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhu, L. H., Bao, W. K., & He, B. H. (2009). Assessment on ecological restoration effect of afforestation with cupressus chengiana seedlings in the dry Minjiang River valley, Southwestern China. Chinese Journal of Applied Environmental Biology, 15, 774–780. (In Chinese with English abstract).

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural, Beijing, 100101, China

    Yuancun Shen, Xianzhou Zhang, Jingsheng Wang, Peili Shi, Yongtao He, Zhenxi Shen & Jie Fan

  2. Chinese Academy of Sciences, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Xining, 810001, China

    Xinquan Zhao, Huakun Zhou, Shixiao Xu, Liang Zhao & Buqing Yao

  3. State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China

    Ting Zhou & Shaolin Peng

  4. School of Life Sciences and Global Institute of Sustainability, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-4501, USA

    Jianguo Wu

  5. Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Institute of Karst Geology, Guilin, 541004, China

    Jianhua Cao, Fen Huang, Hui Yang, Liang Li & Qiang Li

  6. Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bio-resource Utilization, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China

    Weikai Bao

  7. Institute of Land Reclamation and Ecological Restoration, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China

    Zhenqi Hu, Peijun Wang & Jing Li

  8. Halophyte Research Lab, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China

    Pei Qin

  9. Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Nanjing, 210008, China

    Pingxing Li

Authors
  1. Yuancun Shen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Xianzhou Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Jingsheng Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Peili Shi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Yongtao He
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Zhenxi Shen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Xinquan Zhao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Huakun Zhou
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. Shixiao Xu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  10. Liang Zhao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  11. Buqing Yao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  12. Ting Zhou
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  13. Shaolin Peng
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  14. Jianguo Wu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  15. Jianhua Cao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  16. Fen Huang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  17. Hui Yang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  18. Liang Li
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  19. Qiang Li
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  20. Weikai Bao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  21. Zhenqi Hu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  22. Peijun Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  23. Jing Li
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  24. Pei Qin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  25. Jie Fan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  26. Pingxing Li
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Weikai Bao .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Beijing, China

    Wenhua Li

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2015 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg and Higher Education Press

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Shen, Y. et al. (2015). Ecological Restoration in the Typical Areas. In: Li, W. (eds) Contemporary Ecology Research in China. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-48376-3_11

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation