Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Stratum Corneum Lipid Liposomes: Drug Delivery Systems and Skin Models

  • Chapter
Percutaneous Penetration Enhancers Chemical Methods in Penetration Enhancement

Abstract

The identification of the lipid composition and organization of the stratum corneum (SC) lipid lamellae encouraged researchers to prepare liposomes of lipid composition approximating the SC lipids. These vesicles were morphologically similar to the standard liposomes and were termed stratum corneum lipid liposomes (SCLL). The dependence of vesicular skin drug delivery on the composition of liposomes attracted the investigators to probe the potential of SCLL as skin drug delivery systems. The initial results were promising with most investigations recording at least improved skin deposition of drugs from SCLL compared to standard liposomes or other delivery systems. Recently, authors went further and tried to modify the composition of SCLL to improve the fusogenicity and flexibility of the vesicular membrane. The later trial is premature and requires further investigations. In addition to the success of SCLL as skin drug delivery systems, great success and high potential were reported for them as skin model membranes. This chapter will summarize the feasibility of SCLL as drug delivery systems and as model membranes for the skin.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 89.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 119.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Albery WJ, Hadgraft J (1979) Percutaneous absorption: in vitro experiments. J Pharm Pharmacol 31:140–147

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Auner BG, O`Neill MAA, Valenta C, Hadgraft J (2005) Interaction of phloretin and 6-ketocholestanol with DPPC-liposomes as phospholipid model membranes. Int J Pharm 294:149–155

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barry BW (1983) Dermatological formulations: percutaneous absorption. Marcel Dekker, New York/Basel

    Google Scholar 

  • Barry BW (1987) Mode of action of penetration enhancers in human skin. J Control Rel 6:85–97

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barry BW (1991) Lipid protein partitioning theory of skin penetration enhancement. J Control Rel 15:237–248

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Beastall JC, Hadgraft J, Washington C (1988) Mechanism of action of Azone as a percutaneous penetration enhancer: lipid bilayer fluidity and transition temperature effects. Int J Pharm 43:207–213

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bonina FP, Castelli F, Montenegro L, Mazzone G (1994) Partitioning and differential scanning calorimetry studies of N-alkyllactame ester dermal prodrugs of indomethacin. Int J Pharm 106:115–123

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bouwstra JA, Ponec M (2006) The skin barrier in healthy and diseased state. Biochim Biophys Acta 1758:2080–2095

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Christophers E (1971) Cellular architecture of the stratum corneum. J Invest Dermatol 56:165–169

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Christophers E, Kligman AM (1964) Visualization of cell layers of the stratum corneum. J Invest Dermatol 42:407–409

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Diani AR, Shull KL, Zaya MJ, Brunden MN (1995) The penetration enhancer SEPAâ„¢ augments stimulation of scalp hair growth by topical minoxidil in the balding stumptail macaque. Skin Pharmacol 8(5):221–228

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Egbaria K, Ramachandran C, Kittayanond D, Weiner N (1990a) Topical delivery of liposomally encapsulated interferon evaluated by in vitro diffusion studies. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 34(1):107–110

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Egbaria K, Ramachandran C, Weiner N (1990b) Topical delivery of cyclosporin: evaluation of various formulations using in vitro diffusion studies in hairless mouse skin. Skin Pharmacol 3:21–28

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Elias PM (1981) Epidermal lipids; membranes and keratinization. Int J Dermatol 20:1–9

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Elias PM (1983) Epidermal lipids; barrier functions and desquamation. J Invest Dermatol 80:44s–49s

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • El Maghraby GM, Williams AC (2009) Vesicular systems for delivering conventional small organic molecules and larger macromolecules to and through human skin. Exp Opin Drug Deliv 6:149–163

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • El Maghraby GM, Williams AC, Barry BW (1999) Skin delivery of oestradiol from deformable and traditional liposomes: mechanistic studies. J Pharm Pharmacol 51:1123–1134

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • El Maghraby GMM, Williams AC, Barry BW (2004) Interactions of surfactants (edge activators) and skin penetration enhancers with liposomes. Int J Pharm 276:143–161

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • El Maghraby GMM, Campbell M, Finnin B (2005) Mechanism of action of novel skin penetration enhancers: phospholipid versus skin lipid liposomes. Int J Pharm 305:90–104

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • El Maghraby GM, Williams AC, Barry BW (2006) Can drug bearing liposomes penetrate intact skin? J Pharm Pharmacol 58:415–429

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • El Maghraby GM, Williams AC, Barry BW (2008) Liposomes and skin. From drug delivery to model membranes. Eur J Pharm Sci 34:203–222

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fresno Contreras MJ, Jimenez Soriano MM, Ramırez Dieguez A (2005) In vitro percutaneous absorption of all-trans retinoic acid applied in free form or encapsulated in stratum corneum lipid liposomes. Int J Pharm 297:134–145

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fresta M, Puglisi G (1996) Application of liposomes as potential cutaneous drug delivery systems. In vitro and in vivo investigation with radioactivity labelled vesicles. J Drug Target 4:95–101

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fresta M, Puglisi G (1997) Corticosteroid dermal delivery with skin-lipid liposomes. J Control Rel 44:141–151

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goodman M, Barry BW (1985) Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) of human stratum corneum: effect of azone. J Pharm Pharmacol 37:80

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goodman M, Barry BW (1986) Action of skin permeation enhancers azone, oleic acid and decylmethyl sulphoxide: permeation and DSC studies. J Pharm Pharmacol 38:71

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Guy RH, Hadgraft J (1989) Mathematical models of percutaneous absorption. In: Bronaugh RL, Maibach HI (eds) Percutaneous absorption. Mechanisms-methodology-drug delivery, 2nd edn. Marcel Dekker Inc, New York, pp 13–28

    Google Scholar 

  • Hadgraft J, Peck J, Williams DG, Pugh WJ, Allan G (1996) Mechanism of action of skin penetration enhancers/retarders: azone and analogues. Int J Pharm 141:17–25

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ibrahim SA, Li SK (2010) Chemical enhancer solubility in human stratum corneum lipids and enhancer mechanism of action on stratum corneum lipid domain. Int J Pharm 283:89–98

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Inoue T, Yanagihara S, Misono Y, Suzuki M (2001) Effect of fatty acids on the phase behaviour of hydrated dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine bilayer: saturated versus unsaturated fatty acids. Chem Phys Lipids 109:117–133

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kim CK, Hong MS, Kim YB, Han SK (1993) Effect of penetration enhancers (pyrrolidone derivatives) on multilamellar liposomes of stratum corneum lipid: a study by UV spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. Int J Pharm 95:43–50

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kirjavainen M, Urtti A, Jaaskelainen I, Suhonen TM, Paronen P, Koskela RV, Kiesvaara J, Monkkonen J (1996) Interaction of liposomes with human skin in vitro – the influence of lipid composition and structure. Biochim Biophys Acta 1304:179–189

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kirjavainen M, Urtti A, Koskela RV, Kiesvaara J, Monkkonen J (1999a) Liposome-skin interactions and their effects on the skin permeation of drugs. Eur J Pharm Sci 7:279–286

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kirjavainen M, Monkkonen J, Saukkosaari M, Koskela RV, Kiesvaara J, Urtti A (1999b) Phospholipids affect stratum corneum lipid bilayer fluidity and drug partitioning into the bilayers. J Control Rel 58:207–214

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lampe MA, Williams ML, Elias PM (1983) Human epidermal lipids: characterization and modulations during differentiation. J Lipid Res 24:131

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lopez O, de la Maza A, Coderch L, Parra JL (1996) Formation and characterisation of liposomes from lipid/proteic material extracted from pig stratum corneum. J Am Oil Chem Soc 73:443–448

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Morganti F, Bramanti E, Solaro R, Benedetti E, Chiellini E, Nannipieri E, Narducci P, Krauser SF, Samour CM (1999) Thermal and spectroscopic characterization of interactions between 2-nonyl-1,3-dioxolane and stratum corneum components. J Bioactive Compatible Polym 14:162–177

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Orland GF (1983) Structure of the skin. In: Goldsmith LA (ed) Biochemistry and physiology of the skin, vol 1. Oxford University Press, New York, pp 3–63

    Google Scholar 

  • Rolland A, Brzokewicz A, Shroot B, Jamoulle JC (1991) Effect of penetration enhancers on the phase transition of multilamellar liposomes of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine. A study by differential scanning calorimetry. Int J Pharm 76:217–224

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Scheuplein RJ (1965) Mechanisms of percutaneous absorption. I. Routes of penetration and the influence of solubility. J Invest Dermatol 45:334–346

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Scheuplein RJ (1967) Mechanisms of percutaneous absorption. II. Transient diffusion and the relative importance of various routes of skin penetration. J Invest Dermatol 48:79–88

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Scheuplein RJ, Blank IH (1971) Permeability of the skin. Physiol Rev 51:702–747

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tokudome Y, Saito Y, Sato F, Kikuchi M, Hinokitani T, Goto K (2009) Preparation and characterization of ceramide-based liposomes with high fusion activity and high membrane fluidity. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 73:92–96

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weiner N, Williams N, Birch G, Ramachandran C, Shipman C Jr, Flynn G (1989) Topical delivery of liposomally encapsulated interferon evaluated in cutaneous herpes guinea pig model. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 33(8):1217–1221

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wertz PW, Abraham W, Landmann L, Downing DT (1986) Preparation of liposomes from stratum corneum lipids. J Invest Dermatol 87:582–584

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yoneto K, Li SK, Ghanem AH, Crommelin DJ, Higuchi WI (1995) A mechanistic study of the effects of the 1-alkyl-2-pyrrolidones on bilayer permeability of the stratum corneum lipid liposomes: a comparison with hairless mouse studies. J Pharm Sci 84:853–861

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yoneto K, Li SK, Higuchi WI, Jiskoot W, Herron JN (1996) Fluorescent probe studies of the interactions of 1-alkyl-2-pyrrolidones with stratum corneum lipid liposomes. J Pharm Sci 85(5):511–517

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, University of Tanta, Tanta, 1603, Egypt

    Gamal M. El Maghraby

Authors
  1. Gamal M. El Maghraby
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Gamal M. El Maghraby .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Manufacturing, Apoteka "Beograd", Belgrade, Serbia

    Nina Dragicevic

  2. San Francisco, California, USA

    Howard I. Maibach

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2016 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

El Maghraby, G.M. (2016). Stratum Corneum Lipid Liposomes: Drug Delivery Systems and Skin Models. In: Dragicevic, N., Maibach, H. (eds) Percutaneous Penetration Enhancers Chemical Methods in Penetration Enhancement. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-47862-2_7

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-47862-2_7

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-662-47861-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-662-47862-2

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation