Abstract
Transcutaneous immunization (TCI) is a novel strategy of vaccine delivery that utilizes a topical application of an adjuvant and vaccine antigen to intact skin to induce an immune response. It has received wide interest due to its easy-to-use, needle-free, and noninvasive delivery. To overcome the limitations involved with vaccine delivery, novel drug delivery systems are being investigated which successfully overcome the problems regarding the patient compliance, safety, and opened up both opportunities/options for alternative therapeutic strategies to evoke immunological responses without breaching the skin barrier. Topical immunization through the vesicular approach is gaining a worldwide recognition nowadays. It includes the utilization of carriers like liposomes, niosomes, ethosomes, and transferosomes, since they are proficient in transferring immunogens as deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and antigens across the intact skin by enhancing skin permeability. These vesicular carriers utilize different pathways in the skin, i.e., either through keratinocytes intercellularly or through follicles, to cross the barrier and reach the desired cells.
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Agrawal, U., Gupta, M., Vyas, S.P. (2016). Vesicular Carriers for Transcutaneous Immunization. In: Dragicevic, N., Maibach, H. (eds) Percutaneous Penetration Enhancers Chemical Methods in Penetration Enhancement. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-47862-2_21
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-47862-2_21
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