Abstract
This chapter describes what kind of neuroplastic information may be generated by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) after brain damage. Clinical neuroplasticity may be defined as an active reorganization contrary to loss of activation or connectivity simply due to brain damage. After giving an overview about general aspects of clinical neuroplasticity, this chapter introduces specific benefits of neuroplasticity investigations for patient care. These include better definition of the patients’ functional state, better individual prognosis, improvement of treatment strategies, and progress in understanding how the nervous system acts in response to disease. Since fMRI and DTI are restricted to detecting neuroplastic changes on the level of neuronal populations and their connections, some important molecular and cellular mechanisms driving these effects are also discussed. Further, a review is given about previously described neuroplastic responses of the diseased brain. This focuses on neuroplasticity evoked by pathomorphological changes of a previously healthy nervous system. It allows an illustration of the complexity and limitations of neuroplasticity research. To ease a critical evaluation of published data, this chapter also includes methodological considerations, which deal with the limitations of the technical or neurophysiological interpretation of neuroplasticity investigations. Finally, some clinical examples illustrating the potential of fMRI and DTI are given.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Allendorfer JB, Storrs JM, Szaflarski JP (2012) Changes in white matter integrity follow excitatory rTMS treatment of post-stroke aphasia. Restor Neurol Neurosci 30:103–113. doi:10.3233/RNN-2011-0627
Altenmüller E, Müller D (2013) A model of task-specific focal dystonia. Neural Netw 48:25–31. doi:10.1016/j.neunet.2013.06.012
Andersson D, Wilhelmsson U, Nilsson M, Kubista M, Ståhlberg A, Pekna M, Pekny M (2013) Plasticity response in the contralesional hemisphere after subtle neurotrauma: gene expression profiling after partial deafferentation of the hippocampus. PLoS One 8:e70699
Appel-Cresswell S, de la Fuente-Fernandez R, Galley S, McKeown MJ (2010) Imaging of compensatory mechanisms in Parkinson’s disease. Curr Opin Neurol 23:407–412. doi:10.1097/WCO.0b013e32833b6019
Araque A, Navarrete M (2010) Glial cells in neuronal network function. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 365:2375–2381. doi:10.1098/rstb.2009.0313
Bates E, Wilson SM, Saygin AP, Dick F, Sereno MI, Knight RT, Dronkers NF (2003) Voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping. Nat Neurosci 6:448–450
Beauchamp MS, Ro T (2008) Neural substrates of sound-touch synesthesia after a thalamic lesion. J Neurosci 28:13696–13702. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3872-08.2008
Beaulieu JY, Blustajn J, Teboul F, Baud P, De Schonen S, Thiebaud JB, Oberlin C (2006) Cerebral plasticity in crossed C7 grafts of the brachial plexus: an fMRI study. Microsurgery 26:303–310
Beisteiner R (2013) Clinical fMRI – improving paradigms or field strengths? AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 34:1972–1973. doi:10.3174/ajnr.A3722
Beisteiner R, Höllinger I, Rath J, Wurnig M, Hilbert M, Klinger N, Geißler A, Fischmeister F, Wöber C, Klösch G, Millesi H, Grishold W, Auff E, Schmidhammer R (2011) New type of cortical neuroplasticity after nerve repair in brachial plexus lesions. Arch Neurol 68:1147–1470. doi:10.1001/archneurol.2011.596
Benzagmout M, Gatignol P, Duffau H (2007) Resection of World Health Organization Grade II gliomas involving Broca’s area: methodological and functional considerations. Neurosurgery 61:741–752
Bettus G, Ranjeva JP, Wendling F, Bénar CG, Confort-Gouny S, Régis J, Chauvel P, Cozzone PJ, Lemieux L, Bartolomei F, Guye M (2011) Interictal functional connectivity of human epileptic networks assessed by intracerebral EEG and BOLD signal fluctuations. PLoS One 6:e20071. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0020071
Binkofski F, Seitz RJ (2004) Modulation of the BOLD-response in early recovery from sensorimotor stroke. Neurology 63:1223–1229
Bitter T, Sorger B, Hesselmann V, Krug B, Lackner K, Guntinas-Lichius O (2011) Cortical representation sites of mimic movements after facial nerve reconstruction: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Laryngoscope 121:699–706. doi:10.1002/lary.21399
Bonelli SB, Thompson PJ, Yogarajah M, Vollmar C, Powell RH, Symms MR, McEvoy AW, Micallef C, Koepp MJ, Duncan JS (2012) Imaging language networks before and after anterior temporal lobe resection: results of a longitudinal fMRI study. Epilepsia 53:639–650. doi:10.1111/j.1528-1167.2012.03433.x
Braun M, Finke C, Ostendorf F, Lehmann TN, Hoffmann KT, Ploner CJ (2008) Reorganization of associative memory in humans with long-standing hippocampal damage. Brain 131:2742–2750. doi:10.1093/brain/awn191
Briganti C, Sestieri C, Mattei PA, Esposito R, Galzio RJ, Tartaro A, Romani GL, Caulo M (2012) Reorganization of functional connectivity of the language network in patients with brain gliomas. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 33:1983–1990. doi:10.3174/ajnr.A3064
Buma FE, Lindeman E, Ramsey NF, Kwakkel G (2010) Functional neuroimaging studies of early upper limb recovery after stroke: a systematic review of the literature. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 24:589–608. doi:10.1177/1545968310364058
Bütefisch CM, Wessling M, Netz J, Seitz RJ, Hömberg V (2008) Relationship between interhemispheric inhibition and motor cortex excitability in subacute stroke patients. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 22:4–21
Cadotte DW, Bosma R, Mikulis D, Nugaeva N, Smith K, Pokrupa R, Islam O, Stroman PW, Fehlings MG (2012) Plasticity of the injured human spinal cord: insights revealed by spinal cord functional MRI. PLoS One 7:e45560. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0045560
Caeyenberghs K, Leemans A, De Decker C, Heitger M, Drijkoningen D, Linden CV, Sunaert S, Swinnen SP (2012a) Brain connectivity and postural control in young traumatic brain injury patients: a diffusion MRI based network analysis. Neuroimage Clin 1:106–115. doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2012.09.011
Caeyenberghs K, Leemans A, Heitger MH, Leunissen I, Dhollander T, Sunaert S, Dupont P, Swinnen SP (2012b) Graph analysis of functional brain networks for cognitive control of action in traumatic brain injury. Brain 135:1293–1307. doi:10.1093/brain/aws048
Calabrese M, Rinaldi F, Seppi D, Favaretto A, Squarcina L, Mattisi I, Perini P, Bertoldo A, Gallo P (2011) Cortical diffusion-tensor imaging abnormalities in multiple sclerosis: a 3-year longitudinal study. Radiology 261:891–898. doi:10.1148/radiol.11110195
Carmichael ST, Archibeque I, Luke L, Nolan T, Momiy J, Li S (2005) Growth-associated gene expression after stroke: evidence for a growth-promoting region in peri-infarct cortex. Exp Neurol 193:291–311
Carter AR, Astafiev SV, Lang CE, Connor LT, Rengachary J, Strube MJ, Pope DL, Shulman GL, Corbetta M (2010) Resting interhemispheric functional magnetic resonance imaging connectivity predicts performance after stroke. Ann Neurol 67:365–375. doi:10.1002/ana.21905
Carter AR, Patel KR, Astafiev SV, Snyder AZ, Rengachary J, Strube MJ, Pope A, Shimony JS, Lang CE, Shulman GL, Corbetta M (2012) Upstream dysfunction of somatomotor functional connectivity after corticospinal damage in stroke. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 26:7–19. doi:10.1177/1545968311411054
Cha YH, Chakrapani S, Craig A, Baloh RW (2012) Metabolic and functional connectivity changes in mal de debarquement syndrome. PLoS One 7:e49560. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0049560
Chen CJ, Liu HL, Wei FC, Chu NS (2006) Functional MR imaging of the human sensorimotor cortex after toe-to-finger transplantation. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 27:1617–1621
Chen H, Epstein J, Stern E (2010) Neural plasticity after acquired brain injury: evidence from functional neuroimaging. PM R 2:306–312. doi:10.1016/j.pmrj.2010.10.006
Clarkson AN, Huang BS, Macisaac SE, Mody I, Carmichael ST (2010) Reducing excessive GABA-mediated tonic inhibition promotes functional recovery after stroke. Nature 468:305–309. doi:10.1038/nature09511
Collignon O, Vandewalle G, Voss P, Albouy G, Charbonneau G, Lassonde M, Lepore F (2011) Functional specialization for auditory-spatial processing in the occipital cortex of congenitally blind humans. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 108:4435–4440. doi:10.1073/pnas.1013928108
Coxon JP, Goble DJ, Van IA, De VJ, Wenderoth N, Swinnen SP (2010) Reduced basal ganglia function when elderly switch between coordinated movement patterns. Cereb Cortex 20:2368–2379. doi:10.1093/cercor/bhp306
Craggs JG, Staud R, Robinson ME, Perlstein WM, Price DD (2012) Effective connectivity among brain regions associated with slow temporal summation of C-fiber-evoked pain in fibromyalgia patients and healthy controls. J Pain 13:390–400. doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2012.01.002
Cruz-Gómez AJ, Ventura-Campos N, Belenguer A, Avila C, Forn C (2014) The link between resting-state functional connectivity and cognition in MS patients. Mult Scler 20:338–348. doi:10.1177/1352458513495584
Dijkhuizen RM, van der Marel K, Otte WM, Hoff EI, van der Zijden JP, van der Toorn A, van Meer MP (2012) Functional MRI and diffusion tensor imaging of brain reorganization after experimental stroke. Transl Stroke Res 3:36–43. doi:10.1007/s12975-011-0143-8
Dilks DD, Serences JT, Rosenau BJ, Yantis S, McCloskey M (2007) Human adult cortical reorganization and consequent visual distortion. J Neurosci 27:9585–9594
Duffau H (2006) New concepts in surgery of WHO grade II gliomas: functional brain mapping, connectionism and plasticity – a review. J Neurooncol 79:77–115
Eickhoff SB, Dafotakis M, Grefkes C, Shah NJ, Zilles K, Piza-Katzer H (2008) Central adaptation following heterotopic hand replantation probed by fMRI and effective connectivity analysis. Exp Neurol 212:132–144. doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2008.03.025
Elkana O, Frost R, Kramer U, Ben-Bashat D, Schweiger A (2013) Cerebral language reorganization in the chronic stage of recovery: a longitudinal fMRI study. Cortex 49:71–81. doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2011.09.001
Enzinger C, Johansen-Berg H, Dawes H, Bogdanovic M, Collett J, Guy C, Ropele S, Kischka U, Wade D, Fazekas F, Matthews PM (2008) Functional MRI correlates of lower limb function in stroke victims with gait impairment. Stroke 39:1507–1513. doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.107.501999
Ertelt D, Small S, Solodkin A, Dettmers C, McNamara A, Binkofski F, Buccino G (2007) Action observation has a positive impact on rehabilitation of motor deficits after stroke. Neuroimage 36:164–173
Faber J, Schoene-Bake JC, Trautner P, von Lehe M, Elger CE, Weber B (2013) Progressive fiber tract affections after temporal lobe surgery. Epilepsia 54:53–57. doi:10.1111/epi.12077
Fields RD, Stevens-Graham B (2002) New insights into neuron-glia communication. Science 298:556–562
Forn C, Rocca MA, Valsasina P, Boscá I, Casanova B, Sanjuan A, Ávila C, Filippi M (2012) Functional magnetic resonance imaging correlates of cognitive performance in patients with a clinically isolated syndrome suggestive of multiple sclerosis at presentation: an activation and connectivity study. Mult Scler 18:153–163. doi:10.1177/1352458511417744
Fornander L, Nyman T, Hansson T, Ragnehed M, Brismar T (2010) Age- and time-dependent effects on functional outcome and cortical activation pattern in patients with median nerve injury: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study. J Neurosurg 113:122–128. doi:10.3171/2009.10.JNS09698
Gale SD, Pearson CM (2012) Neuroimaging predictors of stroke outcome: implications for neurorehabilitation. NeuroRehabilitation 31:331–344
Gillebert CR, Mantini D (2013) Functional connectivity in the normal and injured brain. Neuroscientist 19:509–522. doi:10.1177/1073858412463168
González-García N, Armony JL, Soto J, Trejo D, Alegría MA, Drucker-Colín R (2011) Effects of rTMS on Parkinson’s disease: a longitudinal fMRI study. J Neurol 258:1268–1280. doi:10.1007/s00415-011-5923-2
Grefkes C, Ward NS (2014) Cortical reorganization after stroke: how much and how functional? Neuroscientist 20:56–70. doi:10.1177/1073858413491147
Grefkes C, Nowak DA, Eickhoff SB, Dafotakis M, Küst J, Karbe H, Fink GR (2008) Cortical connectivity after subcortical stroke assessed with functional magnetic resonance imaging. Ann Neurol 63:236–246
Grefkes C, Nowak DA, Wang LE, Dafotakis M, Eickhoff SB, Fink GR (2010) Modulating cortical connectivity in stroke patients by rTMS assessed with fMRI and dynamic causal modeling. Neuroimage 50:233–242. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.12.029
Guzzetta A, Pecini C, Biagi L, Tosetti M, Brizzolara D, Chilosi A, Cipriani P, Petacchi E, Cioni G (2008) Language organisation in left perinatal stroke. Neuropediatrics 39:157–163. doi:10.1055/s-0028-1085465
Hamberger MJ, Cole J (2011) Language organization and reorganization in epilepsy. Neuropsychol Rev 21:240–251. doi:10.1007/s11065-011-9180-z
Hamzei F, Dettmers C, Rijntjes M, Weiller C (2008) The effect of cortico-spinal tract damage on primary sensorimotor cortex activation after rehabilitation therapy. Exp Brain Res 190:329–336. doi:10.1007/s00221-008-1474-x
Harris RJ, Bookheimer SY, Cloughesy TF, Kim HJ, Pope WB, Lai A, Nghiemphu PL, Liau LM, Ellingson BM (2014) Altered functional connectivity of the default mode network in diffuse gliomas measured with pseudo-resting state fMRI. J Neurooncol 116:373–379
Havsteen I, Madsen KH, Christensen H, Christensen A, Siebner HR (2013) Diagnostic approach to functional recovery: functional magnetic resonance imaging after stroke. Front Neurol Neurosci 32:9–25. doi:10.1159/000346408
Heitger MH, Goble DJ, Dhollander T, Dupont P, Caeyenberghs K, Leemans A, Sunaert S, Swinnen SP (2013) Bimanual motor coordination in older adults is associated with increased functional brain connectivity–a graph-theoretical analysis. PLoS One 8:e62133. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0062133
Helmstaedter C, Fritz NE, González Pérez PA, Elger CE, Weber B (2006) Shift-back of right into left hemisphere language dominance after control of epileptic seizures: evidence for epilepsy driven functional cerebral organization. Epilepsy Res 70:257–262
Hou J, Lin Y, Zhang W, Song L, Wu W, Wang J, Zhou D, Zou Q, Fang Y, He M, Li H (2013) Abnormalities of frontal-parietal resting-state functional connectivity are related to disease activity in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. PLoS One 8:e74530. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0074530
Hua XY, Liu B, Qiu YQ, Tang WJ, Xu WD, Liu HQ, Xu JG, Gu YD (2013) Long-term ongoing cortical remodeling after contralateral C-7 nerve transfer. J Neurosurg 118:725–729. doi:10.3171/2012.12.JNS12207
Huston JM, Field AS (2013) Clinical applications of diffusion tensor imaging. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am 21:279–298. doi:10.1016/j.mric.2012.12.003
Ius T, Angelini E, Thiebaut de Schotten M, Mandonnet E, Duffau H (2011) Evidence for potentials and limitations of brain plasticity using an atlas of functional resectability of WHO grade II gliomas: towards a “minimal common brain”. Neuroimage 56:992–1000. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.03.022
Jacobs HI, Van Boxtel MP, Heinecke A, Gronenschild EH, Backes WH, Ramakers IH, Jolles J, Verhey FR (2012) Functional integration of parietal lobe activity in early Alzheimer disease. Neurology 78:352–360. doi:10.1212/WNL.0b013e318245287d
Jang SH, Hong JH, Ahn SH, Son SM, Cho YW (2010) Motor function reorganization in a patient with a brainstem lesion: DTT, fMRI and TMS study. NeuroRehabilitation 26:167–171. doi:10.3233/NRE-2010-0550
Jiang L, Xu H, Yu C (2013) Brain connectivity plasticity in the motor network after ischemic stroke. Neural Plast 2013:924192. doi:10.1155/2013/924192
Kapreli E, Athanasopoulos S, Gliatis J, Papathanasiou M, Peeters R, Strimpakos N, Van Hecke P, Gouliamos A, Sunaert S (2009) Anterior cruciate ligament deficiency causes brain plasticity: a functional MRI study. Am J Sports Med 37:2419–2426. doi:10.1177/0363546509343201
Kernie S, Parent J (2010) Forebrain neurogenesis after focal Ischemic and traumatic brain injury. Neurobiol Dis 37:267–274. doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2009.11.002
Kim H, Harrison A, Kankirawatana P, Rozzelle C, Blount J, Torgerson C, Knowlton R (2013) Major white matter fiber changes in medically intractable neocortical epilepsy in children: a diffusion tensor imaging study. Epilepsy Res 103:211–220. doi:10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2012.07.017
Laible M, Grieshammer S, Seidel G, Rijntjes M, Weiller C, Hamzei F (2012) Association of activity changes in the primary sensory cortex with successful motor rehabilitation of the hand following stroke. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 26:881–888. doi:10.1177/1545968312437939
Langer N, Hänggi J, Müller NA, Simmen HP, Jäncke L (2012) Effects of limb immobilization on brain plasticity. Neurology 78:182–188. doi:10.1212/WNL.0b013e31823fcd9c
Lazaridou A, Astrakas L, Mintzopoulos D, Khanchiceh A, Singhal A, Moskowitz M, Rosen B, Tzika A (2013a) fMRI as a molecular imaging procedure for the functional reorganization of motor systems in chronic stroke. Mol Med Rep 8:775–779. doi:10.3892/mmr.2013.1603
Lazaridou A, Astrakas L, Mintzopoulos D, Khanicheh A, Singhal AB, Moskowitz MA, Rosen B, Tzika AA (2013b) Diffusion tensor and volumetric magnetic resonance imaging using an MR-compatible hand-induced robotic device suggests training-induced neuroplasticity in patients with chronic stroke. Int J Mol Med 32:995–1000. doi:10.3892/ijmm.2013.1476
Leunissen I, Coxon JP, Geurts M, Caeyenberghs K, Michiels K, Sunaert S, Swinnen SP (2013) Disturbed cortico-subcortical interactions during motor task switching in traumatic brain injury. Hum Brain Mapp 34:1254–1271. doi:10.1002/hbm.21508
Liacu D, Idy-Peretti I, Ducreux D, Bouilleret V, de Marco G (2012) Diffusion tensor imaging tractography parameters of limbic system bundles in temporal lobe epilepsy patients. J Magn Reson Imaging 36:561–568. doi:10.1002/jmri.23678
List J, Duning T, Kürten J, Deppe M, Wilbers E, Flöel A (2013) Cortical plasticity is preserved in nondemented older individuals with severe ischemic small vessel disease. Hum Brain Mapp 34:1464–1476. doi:10.1002/hbm.22003
MacIver K, Lloyd DM, Kelly S, Roberts N, Nurmikko T (2008) Phantom limb pain, cortical reorganization and the therapeutic effect of mental imagery. Brain 131:2181–2191. doi:10.1093/brain/awn124
Marchand WR, Lee JN, Suchy Y, Garn C, Johnson S, Wood N, Chelune G (2011) Age-related changes of the functional architecture of the cortico-basal ganglia circuitry during motor task execution. Neuroimage 55:194–203. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.12.030
Marcotte K, Adrover-Roig D, Damien B, de Préaumont M, Généreux S, Hubert M, Ansaldo AI (2012) Therapy-induced neuroplasticity in chronic aphasia. Neuropsychologia 50:1776–1786. doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2012.04.001
Marcotte K, Perlbarg V, Marrelec G, Benali H, Ansaldo AI (2013) Default-mode network functional connectivity in aphasia: therapy-induced neuroplasticity. Brain Lang 124:45–55. doi:10.1016/j.bandl.2012.11.004
Marshall RS, Zarahn E, Alon L, Minzer B, Lazar RM, Krakauer JW (2009) Early imaging correlates of subsequent motor recovery after stroke. Ann Neurol 65:596–602. doi:10.1002/ana.21636
Mbwana J, Berl MM, Ritzl EK, Rosenberger L, Mayo J, Weinstein S, Conry JA, Pearl PL, Shamim S, Moore EN, Sato S, Vezina LG, Theodore WH, Gaillard WD (2009) Limitations to plasticity of language network reorganization in localization related epilepsy. Brain 132:347–356. doi:10.1093/brain/awn329
Mintzopoulos D, Astrakas LG, Khanicheh A, Konstas AA, Singhal A, Moskowitz MA, Rosen BR, Tzika AA (2009) Connectivity alterations assessed by combining fMRI and MR-compatible hand robots in chronic stroke. Neuroimage 47:90–97. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.03.007
Mohammadi B, Kollewe K, Samii A, Dengler R, Münte TF (2011) Functional neuroimaging at different disease stages reveals distinct phases of neuroplastic changes in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Hum Brain Mapp 32:750–758. doi:10.1002/hbm.21064
Nowak DA, Grefkes C, Dafotakis M, Eickhoff S, Küst J, Karbe H, Fink GR (2008) Effects of low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of the contralesional primary motor cortex on movement kinematics and neural activity in subcortical stroke. Arch Neurol 65:741–747. doi:10.1001/archneur.65.6.741
O’Shea J, Boudrias MH, Stagg CJ, Bachtiar V, Kischka U, Blicher JU, Johansen-Berg H (2014) Predicting behavioural response to TDCS in chronic motor stroke. Neuroimage 85:924–933. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.05.096
Ohab JJ, Fleming S, Blesch A, Carmichael ST (2006) A neurovascular niche for neurogenesis after stroke. J Neurosci 26:13007–13016
Ovadia-Caro S, Villringer K, Fiebach J, Jungehulsing GJ, van der Meer E, Margulies DS, Villringer A (2013) Longitudinal effects of lesions on functional networks after stroke. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 33:1279–1285. doi:10.1038/jcbfm.2013.80
Palaniyappan L, White TP, Liddle PF (2012) The concept of salience network dysfunction in schizophrenia: from neuroimaging observations to therapeutic opportunities. Curr Top Med Chem 12:2324–2338
Papoutsi M, Stamatakis EA, Griffiths J, Marslen-Wilson WD, Tyler LK (2011) Is left fronto-temporal connectivity essential for syntax? Effective connectivity, tractography and performance in left-hemisphere damaged patients. Neuroimage 58:656–664. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.06.036
Powell HW, Parker GJ, Alexander DC, Symms MR, Boulby PA, Wheeler-Kingshott CA, Barker GJ, Koepp MJ, Duncan JS (2007) Abnormalities of language networks in temporal lobe epilepsy. Neuroimage 36:209–221
Pravatà E, Sestieri C, Mantini D, Briganti C, Colicchio G, Marra C, Colosimo C, Tartaro A, Romani GL, Caulo M (2011) Functional connectivity MR imaging of the language network in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 32:532–540. doi:10.3174/ajnr.A2311
Price CJ, Seghier ML, Leff AP (2010) Predicting language outcome and recovery after stroke: the PLORAS system. Nat Rev Neurol 6:202–210. doi:10.1038/nrneurol.2010.15
Puig J, Pedraza S, Blasco G, Daunis-I-Estadella J, Prados F, Remollo S, Prats-Galino A, Soria G, Boada I, Castellanos M, Serena J (2011) Acute damage to the posterior limb of the internal capsule on diffusion tensor tractography as an early imaging predictor of motor outcome after stroke. AJNR Am J Neuro-radiol 32:857–863. doi:10.3174/ajnr.A2400
Qi R, Zhang LJ, Zhong J, Zhang Z, Ni L, Jiao Q, Liao W, Zheng G, Lu G (2013) Altered effective connectivity network of the basal ganglia in low-grade hepatic encephalopathy: a resting-state fMRI study with Granger causality analysis. PLoS One 8:e53677. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0053677
Rath J, Schmidhammer R, Steinkellner T, Klinger N, Geißler A, Beisteiner R (2008) Evaluation of functional cortex for the diseased hand in a patient after hemispherectomy. Arch Neurol 65:1664–1665. doi:10.1001/archneur.65.12.1664
Rath J, Klinger N, Geißler A, Höllinger I, Gruber S, Wurnig M, Hausner T, Auff E, Schmidhammer R, Beisteiner R (2011) An fMRI marker for peripheral nerve regeneration. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 25:577–579. doi:10.1177/1545968310397552
Rehme AK, Grefkes C (2013) Cerebral network disorders after stroke: evidence from imaging-based connectivity analyses of active and resting brain states in humans. J Physiol 591:17–31. doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2012.243469
Rehme AK, Eickhoff SB, Wang LE, Fink GR, Grefkes C (2011) Dynamic causal modelling of cortical activity from the acute to the chronic stage after stroke. Neuroimage 55:1147–1158. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.01.014
Richiardi J, Gschwind M, Simioni S, Annoni JM, Greco B, Hagmann P, Schluep M, Vuilleumier P, Van De Ville D (2012) Classifying minimally disabled multiple sclerosis patients from resting state functional connectivity. Neuroimage 62:2021–2033. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.05.078
Robinson SD, Schöpf V, Cardoso P, Geissler A, Fischmeister FP, Wurnig M, Trattnig S, Beisteiner R (2013) Applying independent component analysis to clinical FMRI at 7T. Front Hum Neurosci 2:496. doi:10.3389/fnhum.2013.00496
Robles SG, Gatignol P, Lehéricy S, Duffau H (2008) Long-term brain plasticity allowing a multistage surgical approach to World Health Organization Grade II gliomas in eloquent areas. J Neurosurg 109:615–624. doi:10.3171/JNS/2008/109/10/0615
Rocca MA, Filippi M (2007) Functional MRI in multiple sclerosis. J Neuroimaging 17:36–41
Rocca MA, Valsasina P, Ceccarelli A, Absinta M, Ghezzi A, Riccitelli G, Pagani E, Falini A, Comi G, Scotti G, Filippi M (2009) Structural and functional MRI correlates of stroop control in benign MS. Hum Brain Mapp 30:276–290
Rocca MA, Absinta M, Moiola L, Ghezzi A, Colombo B, Martinelli V, Comi G, Filippi M (2010) Functional and structural connectivity of the motor network in pediatric and adult-onset relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Radiology 254:541–550. doi:10.1148/radiol.09090463
Rocca MA, Bonnet MC, Meani A, Valsasina P, Colombo B, Comi G, Filippi M (2012a) Differential cerebellar functional interactions during an interference task across multiple sclerosis phenotypes. Radiology 265:864–873. doi:10.1148/radiol.12120216
Rocca MA, Valsasina P, Martinelli V, Misci P, Falini A, Comi G, Filippi M (2012b) Large-scale neuronal network dysfunction in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Neurology 79:1449–1457. doi:10.1212/WNL.0b013e31826d5f10
Rowe JB (2010) Connectivity analysis is essential to understand neurological disorders. Front Syst Neurosci 17:144. doi:10.3389/fnsys.2010.00144
Rubinov M, Sporns O (2010) Complex network measures of brain connectivity: uses and interpretations. Neuroimage 52:1059–1069. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.10.003
Saur D, Hartwigsen G (2012) Neurobiology of language recovery after stroke: lessons from neuroimaging studies. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 93:15–25. doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2011.03.036
Saur D, Lange R, Baumgaertner A, Schraknepper V, Willmes K, Rijntjes M, Weiller C (2006) Dynamics of language reorganization after stroke. Brain 129:1371–1384
Saur D, Ronneberger O, Kummerer D, Mader I, Weiller C, Kloppel S (2010) Early functional magnetic resonance imaging activations predict language outcome after stroke. Brain 133:1252–1264. doi:10.1093/brain/awq021
Sawaki L, Butler AJ, Leng X, Wassenaar PA, Mohammad YM, Blanton S, Sathian K, Nichols-Larsen DS, Wolf SL, Good DC, Wittenberg GF (2008) Constraint-induced movement therapy results in increased motor map area in subjects 3 to 9 months after stroke. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 22:505–513. doi:10.1177/1545968308317531
Schaechter JD, Fricker ZP, Perdue KL, Helmer KG, Vangel MG, Greve DN, Makris N (2009) Microstructural status of ipsilesional and contralesional corticospinal tract correlates with motor skill in chronic stroke patients. Hum Brain Mapp 30:3461–3474. doi:10.1002/hbm.2077010.1002/hbm.20770
Scheller E, Abdulkadir A, Peter J, Tabrizi SJ, Frackowiak RS, Klöppel S (2013) Interregional compensatory mechanisms of motor functioning in progressing preclinical neurodegeneration. Neuroimage 75:146–154. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.02.058
Schmidt SA, Akrofi K, Carpenter-Thompson JR, Husain FT (2013) Default mode, dorsal attention and auditory resting state networks exhibit differential functional connectivity in tinnitus and hearing loss. PLoS One 8:e76488. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0076488
Schwarze U, Hahn C, Bengner T, Stodieck S, Büchel C, Sommer T (2009) Enhanced activity during associative encoding in the affected hippocampus in right temporal lobe epilepsy patients. Brain Res 1297:112–117. doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2009.08.036
Seghier ML, Zeidman P, Neufeld NH, Leff AP, Price CJ (2010) Identifying abnormal connectivity in patients using dynamic causal modeling of FMRI responses. Front Syst Neurosci 4:142. doi:10.3389/fnsys.2010.00142
Seitz RJ, Donnan GA (2010) Role of neuroimaging in promoting long-term recovery from ischemic stroke. J Magn Reson Imaging 32:756–772. doi:10.1002/jmri.22315
Shah PP, Szaflarski JP, Allendorfer J, Hamilton RH (2013) Induction of neuroplasticity and recovery in post-stroke aphasia by non-invasive brain stimulation. Front Hum Neurosci 7:888
Sharma N, Baron JC, Rowe JB (2009) Motor imagery after stroke: relating outcome to motor network connectivity. Ann Neurol 66:604–616. doi:10.1002/ana.21810
Shu N, Liu Y, Li K, Duan Y, Wang J, Yu C, Dong H, Ye J, He Y (2011) Diffusion tensor tractography reveals disrupted topological efficiency in white matter structural networks in multiple sclerosis. Cereb Cortex 21:2565–2577. doi:10.1093/cercor/bhr039
Simões EL, Bramati I, Rodrigues E, Franzoi A, Moll J, Lent R, Tovar-Moll F (2012) Functional expansion of sensorimotor representation and structural reorganization of callosal connections in lower limb amputees. J Neurosci 32:3211–3220. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4592-11.2012
Small SL, Hlustik P, Noll DC, Genovese C, Solodkin A (2002) Cerebellar hemispheric activation ipsilateral to the paretic hand correlates with functional recovery after stroke. Brain 125:1544–1557
Smits M, Visch-Brink EG, van de Sandt-Koenderman ME, van der Lugt A (2012) Advanced magnetic resonance neuroimaging of language function recovery after aphasic stroke: a technical review. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 93:4–14. doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2011.02.023
Stagg CJ, Johansen-Berg H (2013) Studying the effects of transcranial direct-current stimulation in stroke recovery using magnetic resonance imaging. Front Hum Neurosci 7:857
Stinear CM, Ward NS (2013) How useful is imaging in predicting outcomes in stroke rehabilitation? Int J Stroke 8:33–37. doi:10.1111/j.1747-4949.2012.00970.x
Stinear CM, Barber PA, Smale PR, Coxon JP, Fleming MK, Byblow WD (2007) Functional potential in chronic stroke patients depends on corticospinal tract integrity. Brain 130:170–180
Stinear CM, Barber PA, Petoe M, Anwar S, Byblow WD (2012) The PREP algorithm predicts potential for upper limb recovery after stroke. Brain 135:2527–2535. doi:10.1093/brain/aws146
Taylor KS, Anastakis DJ, Davis KD (2009) Cutting your nerve changes your brain. Brain 132:3122–3133. doi:10.1093/brain/awp231
Turkeltaub PE, Messing S, Norise C, Hamilton RH (2011) Are networks for residual language function and recovery consistent across aphasic patients? Neurology 76:1726–1734. doi:10.1212/WNL.0b013e31821a44c1
van Meer MP, van der Marel K, Otte WM, Berkelbach van der Sprenkel JW, Dijkhuizen RM (2010a) Correspondence between altered functional and structural connectivity in the contralesional sensorimotor cortex after unilateral stroke in rats: a combined resting state functional MRI and manganese-enhanced MRI study. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 30:1707–1711. doi:10.1038/jcbfm.2010.124
van Meer MP, van der Marel K, Wang K, Otte WM, El Bouazati S, Roeling TA, Viergever MA, Berkelbach van der Sprenkel JW, Dijkhuizen RM (2010b) Recovery of sensorimotor function after experimental stroke correlates with restoration of resting-state interhemispheric functional connectivity. J Neurosci 30:3964–3972. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5709-09.2010
van Nuenen BF, Helmich RC, Ferraye M, Thaler A, Hendler T, Orr-Urtreger A, Mirelman A, Bressman S, Marder KS, Giladi N, van de Warrenburg BP, Bloem BR, Toni I, LRRK2 Ashkenazi Jewish Consortium (2012) Cerebral pathological and compensatory mechanisms in the premotor phase of leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 parkinsonism. Brain 135:3687–3698. doi:10.1093/brain/aws288
Várkuti B, Guan C, Pan Y, Phua KS, Ang KK, Kuah CW, Chua K, Ang BT, Birbaumer N, Sitaram R (2013) Resting state changes in functional connectivity correlate with movement recovery for BCI and robot-assisted upper-extremity training after stroke. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 27:53–62. doi:10.1177/1545968312445910
Vitali P, Abutalebi J, Tettamanti M, Danna M, Ansaldo AI, Perani D, Joanette Y, Cappa SF (2007) Training-induced brain remapping in chronic aphasia: a pilot study. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 21:152–160
Wahl AS, Schwab ME (2014) Finding an optimal rehabilitation paradigm after stroke: enhancing fiber growth and training of the brain at the right moment. Front Hum Neurosci 7:911
Wang L, Yu C, Chen H, Qin W, He Y, Fan F, Zhang Y, Wang M, Li K, Zang Y, Woodward TS, Zhu C (2010) Dynamic functional reorganization of the motor execution network after stroke. Brain 133:1224–1238. doi:10.1093/brain/awq043
Wang LE, Fink GR, Diekhoff S, Rehme AK, Eickhoff SB, Grefkes C (2011) Noradrenergic enhancement improves motor network connectivity in stroke patients. Ann Neurol 69:375–388. doi:10.1002/ana.22237
Warren JE, Crinion JT, Lambon Ralph MA, Wise RJ (2009) Anterior temporal lobe connectivity correlates with functional outcome after aphasic stroke. Brain 132:3428–3442. doi:10.1093/brain/awp270
Weaver KE, Chaovalitwongse WA, Novotny EJ, Poliakov A, Grabowski TG, Ojemann JG (2013) Local functional connectivity as a pre-surgical tool for seizure focus identification in non-lesion, focal epilepsy. Front Neurol 4:43. doi:10.3389/fneur.2013.00043
Westlake KP, Nagarajan SS (2011) Functional connectivity in relation to motor performance and recovery after stroke. Front Syst Neurosci 5:8. doi:10.3389/fnsys.2011.00008
Wolf CC, Ball A, Ocklenburg S, Otto T, Heed T, Röder B, Güntürkün O (2011) Visuotactile interactions in the congenitally acallosal brain: evidence for early cerebral plasticity. Neuropsychologia 49:3908–3916. doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2011.10.008
Wong SW, Jong L, Bandur D, Bihari F, Yen YF, Takahashi AM, Lee DH, Steven DA, Parrent AG, Pigott SE, Mirsattari SM (2009) Cortical reorganization following anterior temporal lobectomy in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. Neurology 73:518–525. doi:10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181b2a48e
Yogarajah M, Focke NK, Bonelli SB, Thompson P, Vollmar C, McEvoy AW, Alexander DC, Symms MR, Koepp MJ, Duncan JS (2010) The structural plasticity of white matter networks following anterior temporal lobe resection. Brain 133:2348–2364. doi:10.1093/brain/awq175
You X, Adjouadi M, Guillen MR, Ayala M, Barreto A, Rishe N, Sullivan J, Dlugos D, Vanmeter J, Morris D, Donner E, Bjornson B, Smith ML, Bernal B, Berl M, Gaillard WD (2011) Sub-patterns of language network reorganization in pediatric localization related epilepsy: a multisite study. Hum Brain Mapp 32:784–799. doi:10.1002/hbm.21066
Zarahn E, Alon L, Ryan SL, Lazar RM, Vry MS, Weiller C, Marshall RS, Krakauer JW (2011) Prediction of motor recovery using initial impairment and fMRI 48 h poststroke. Cereb Cortex 21:2712–2721. doi:10.1093/cercor/bhr047
Zepeda A, Sengpiel F, Guagnelli MA, Vaca L, Arias C (2004) Functional reorganization of visual cortex maps after ischemic lesions is accompanied by changes in expression of cytoskeletal proteins and NMDA and GABA(A) receptor subunits. J Neurosci 24:1812–1821
Zipse L, Norton A, Marchina S, Schlaug G (2012) When right is all that is left: plasticity of right-hemisphere tracts in a young aphasic patient. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1252:237–245. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2012.06454.x
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2015 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Beisteiner, R., Matt, E. (2015). Brain Plasticity in fMRI and DTI. In: Stippich, C. (eds) Clinical Functional MRI. Medical Radiology(). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-45123-6_11
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-45123-6_11
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-662-45122-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-662-45123-6
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)