Abstract
High Speed 2 (HS2) is a planned high-speed railway in the UK connecting London to Manchester and Leeds, via Birmingham. A key concern for many is the environmental impact of the scheme, particularly noise. Trains on HS2 are specified to operate at a maximum speed of 360 km/h. There are currently no legislative passby sound level limits available in Europe for trains running at these speeds. Published measurements for higher speeds are typically for older generation trains, or for emission levels from sub-systems.
This paper discusses the methodology used to derive the sound emission source terms used for the HS2 noise impact assessment. At speeds in excess of 300 km/h, aerodynamic sound contributes to the overall passby sound levels, and cannot be neglected. Therefore source terms have been derived for five source types: power/traction, rolling sound, body aerodynamic sound, pantograph recess, and raised pantograph. The source term magnitudes for traction/power, rolling, and body aerodynamic sound were derived from limits defined in the technical specification for interoperability (TSI) for high-speed rail. Corrections were applied to allow for in service track and growth of wheel and rail roughness. The source terms for the pantograph recess and raised pantograph were derived from a range of measured and simulated data in published literature.
This paper also considers reductions for each of the five sources that have been demonstrated through published literature and which could therefore provide the opportunity for lower train sound emissions by the time that HS2 rolling stock is procured.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Thompson, D.: Railway noise and vibration. Mechanisms, modelling and means of control. Elsevier (2009)
European Commission. Joint Research Centre Reference Reports. Common noise assessment methods in Europe (CNOSSOS-EU) (2012)
Nagakura, K., Zenda, Y.: Prediction model of wayside noise level of Shinkansen. Railway Technical Research Institute Japan (2003)
US Department of Transportation: High-speed ground transportation noise and vibration impact assessment (2012)
SCHALL 03 2006, Richtlinie zur Berechnung der Schallimmissionen von Eisenbahnen und Straßenbahnen, Entwurf, Stand (December 21, 2006)
Ministerie van Volkshuisvesting: Ruimtelijke Ordening en Milieubeheer. Reken- en meetvoorschriften railverkeerslawaaai 1996 (Calculation and measurement requirements for railway traffic 1996) (2001)
Zhang, X.: Prediction of high-speed train noise on Swedish tracks. SP Technical Research Institute of Sweden, SP report 2010, 75 (2010)
Brekke, A., et al.: The Norwegian high speed rail study. In: Proc. Joint Baltic-Nordic Acoustics Meeting (2013)
Hood, R.A., et al.: Calculation of railway noise. Proc. of the Institute of Acoustics 13(8) (1991)
Department for Transport. Calculation of Railway Noise (1995)
Department for Transport. HS2 Phase One environmental statement volume 5: sound, noise and vibration: Appendix SV-001-000: Annex D2 (2013)
2008/232/CE: Commission Decision of 21 February 2008 concerning a technical specification for interoperability relating to the ‘rolling stock’ sub-system of the trans-European high-speed rail system (2008)
Gautier, P.-E., et al.: High speed trains external noise: Recent results in the TGV case. In: Proc. 19th International Congress on Acoustics (2007)
Lölgen, T.: Wind tunnel noise measurements on full-scale pantograph models. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 105(2), 1136–1136 (1999)
Ikeda, M., Mitsumoji, T., Sueki, T., Takaishi, T.: Aerodynamic noise reduction of a pantograph by shape-smoothing of panhead and its support and by the surface covering with porous material. In: Maeda, T., Gautier, P.-E., Hanson, C.E., Hemsworth, B., Nelson, J.T., Schulte-Werning, B., Thompson, D., de Vos, P. (eds.) Noise and Vibration Mitigation for Rail Transportation Systems. NNFM, vol. 118, pp. 419–426. Springer, Heidelberg (2012)
Gautier, P.E., et al.: High speed trains external noise: A review of measurements and source models for the TGV case up to 360 km/h. In: 8th World Congress on Railway Research, Seoul (2008)
Asplan Viak, A.S.: A methodology for environmental assessment – Norwegian high speed railway project Phase 2 (2011)
Belingard, P., Poisson, F., Bellaj, S.: Experimental study of noise barriers for high-speed trains. In: Maeda, T., Gautier, P.-E., Hanson, C.E., Hemsworth, B., Nelson, J.T., Schulte-Werning, B., Thompson, D., de Vos, P., et al. (eds.) Noise and Vibration Mitigation for Rail Transportation Systems. NNFM, vol. 118, pp. 495–503. Springer, Heidelberg (2012)
Tsukanishi, M., Toyooka, M., Mori, T., Yano, H.: Development to decrease noise in place along railway-tracks of Sanyo Shinkansen. In: Maeda, T., Gautier, P.-E., Hanson, C.E., Hemsworth, B., Nelson, J.T., Schulte-Werning, B., Thompson, D., de Vos, P. (eds.) Noise and Vibration Mitigation for Rail Transportation Systems. NNFM, vol. 118, pp. 383–388. Springer, Heidelberg (2012)
Frid, A., Åbom, M., Bouvet, P.: Noise reduction for cooling systems on railway vehicles. Silence Final Event (2008)
Oertli, J.: The STAIRRS project, work package 1: a cost effectiveness analysis of railway noise reduction on a European scale. Journal of Sound and Vibration 267 (2003)
European Railway Agency: Preliminary draft 1.0 of the Technical Specifications of Interoperability relating to Noise (NOI TSI). ERA/CON/2013-01/INT
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2015 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Marshall, T., Fenech, B.A., Greer, R. (2015). Derivation of Sound Emission Source Terms for High Speed Trains Running at Speeds in Excess of 300 km/h. In: Nielsen, J., et al. Noise and Vibration Mitigation for Rail Transportation Systems. Notes on Numerical Fluid Mechanics and Multidisciplinary Design, vol 126. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44832-8_58
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44832-8_58
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-662-44831-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-662-44832-8
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)