Zusammenfassung
Eine wachsende Zahl an Substanzen, die in vielen Bereichen des täglichen Lebens und in der Natur vorkommen, können heute als Umwelthormone bezeichnet werden. Hormonelle Wirkungen werden nur bestimmten Stoffen zugeschrieben, denen wir trotz der relativ restriktiven gesundheitspolitischen Richtlinien in Europa täglich ausgesetzt sind. Zwar sind spezifische hormonelle Störungen für einzelne Substanzen belegt, doch sind die Interaktionen der verschiedenen Substanzen, die im Einzelnen in nur sehr geringen Mengen beim Menschen nachweisbar sind, nur unzulänglich analysiert und auch nur schwer messbar. Der Artikel gibt einen Überblick über die bekanntesten Stoffgruppen mit endokriner Wirkung. Ihre individuelle Wirkweise, ihr Vorkommen und einige der bisher nachgewiesenen Effekte im Tierversuch oder beim Menschen werden beschrieben.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Literatur
Bretveld RW, Thomas CM, Scheepers PT et al (2006) Pesticide exposure: the hormonal function of the female reproductive system disrupted? Reprod Biol Endocrinol 4:30
Colborn T, Saal FS vom, Soto AM (1993) Developmental effects of endocrine- disrupting chemicals in wildlife and humans. Environ Health Perspect 101:378–384
Waring RH, Harris RM (2005) Endocrine disrupters: a human risk? Mol Cell Endocrinol 244:2–9
Casals-Casas C, Desvergne B (2011) Endocrine disruptors: from endocrine to metabolic disruption. Annu Rev Physiol 73:135–162
You L (2004) Steroid hormone biotransformation and xenobiotic induction of hepatic steroid metabolizing enzymes. Chem Biol Interact 147:233–246
Singer P (1949) Occupational oligospermia. J Am Med Assoc 140:1249
Guzelian PS (1982) Comparative toxicology of chlordecone (Kepone) in humans and experimental animals. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 22:89–113
Sharpe RM, Skakkebaek NE (1993) Are oestrogens involved in falling sperm counts and disorders of the male reproductive tract? Lancet 341:1392–1395
Fisch H, Goluboff ET, Olson JH et al (1996) Semen analyses in 1,283 men from the United States over a 25-year period: no decline in quality. Fertil Steril 65:1009–1014
Main KM, Skakkebaek NE, Toppari J (2009) Cryptorchidism as part of the testicular dysgenesis syndrome: the environmental connection. Endocr Dev 14:167–173
Salehi F, Turner MC, Phillips KP et al (2008) Review of the etiology of breast cancer with special attention to organochlorines as potential endocrine disruptors. J Toxicol Environ Health B Crit Rev 11:276–300
Park SK, Son HK, Lee SK et al (2010) Relationship between serum concentrations of organochlorine pesticides and metabolic syndrome among non-diabetic adults. J Prev Med Public Health 43:1–8
Frumkin H (2003) Agent Orange and cancer: an overview for clinicians. CA Cancer J Clin 53:245–255
Spaulding SW (2011) The possible roles of environmental factors and the aryl hydrocarbon receptor in the prevalence of thyroid diseases in Vietnam era veterans. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 18:315–320
Ngo AD, Taylor R, Roberts CL, Nguyen TV (2006) Association between Agent Orange and birth defects: systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Epidemiol 35:1220–1230
Mendola P, Buck GM, Sever LE et al (1997) Consumption of PCB-contaminated freshwater fish and shortened menstrual cycle length. Am J Epidemiol 146:955–960
Gerhard I, Runnebaum B (1992) The limits of hormone substitution in pollutant exposure and fertility disorders. Zentralbl Gynakol 114:593–602
Mayani A, Barel S, Soback S, Almagor M (1997) Dioxin concentrations in women with endometriosis. Hum Reprod 12:373–375
Chan JK, Wong MH (2012) A review of environmental fate, body burdens, and human health risk assessment of PCDD/Fs at two typical electronic waste recycling sites in China. Sci Total Environ (im Druck)
Halden RU (2010) Plastics and health risks. Annu Rev Public Health 31:179–194
Fuentes S, Colomina MT, Vicens P et al (2007) Concurrent exposure to perfluorooctane sulfonate and restraint stress during pregnancy in mice: effects on postnatal development and behavior of the offspring. Toxicol Sci 98:589–598
Luebker DJ, York RG, Hansen KJ et al (2005) Neonatal mortality from in utero exposure to perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) in Sprague-Dawley rats: dose-response, and biochemical and pharamacokinetic parameters. Toxicology 215:149–169
Shi Z, Ding L, Zhang H et al (2009) Chronic exposure to perfluorododecanoic acid disrupts testicular steroidogenesis and the expression of related genes in male rats. Toxicol Lett 188:192–200
Apelberg BJ, Witter FR, Herbstman JB et al (2007) Cord serum concentrations of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) in relation to weight and size at birth. Environ Health Perspect 115:1670–1676
Soares A, Guieysse B, Jefferson B et al (2008) Nonylphenol in the environment: a critical review on occurrence, fate, toxicity and treatment in wastewaters. Environ Int 34:1033–1049
Soto AM, Justicia H, Wray JW, Sonnenschein C (1991) p-Nonyl-phenol: an estrogenic xenobiotic released from „modified“ polystyrene. Environ Health Perspect 92:167–173
Sonnenschein C, Szelei J, Nye TL, Soto AM (1994) Control of cell proliferation of human breast MCF7 cells; serum and estrogen resistant variants. Oncol Res 6:373–381
Lopez-Espinosa MJ, Freire C, Arrebola JP et al (2009) Nonylphenol and octylphenol in adipose tissue of women in Southern Spain. Chemosphere 76:847–852
Ajj H, Chesnel A, Pinel S et al (2013) An alkylphenol mix promotes seminoma derived cell proliferation through an ERalpha36-mediated mechanism. PLoS One 8:e61758
Bonefeld-Jørgensen EC, Long M, Hofmeister MV, Vinggaard AM (2007) Endocrine-disrupting potential of bisphenol A, bisphenol A dimethacrylate, 4-n-nonylphenol, and 4-n-octylphenol in vitro: new data and a brief review. Environ Health Perspect 115(Suppl 1):69–76
Calafat AM, Kuklenyik Z, Reidy JA et al (2005) Urinary concentrations of bisphenol A and 4-nonylphenol in a human reference population. Environ Health Perspect 113:391–395
Dodds EC (1936) The pharmacological action and clinical use of drugs with a camphor- and coramine-like action: (section of therapeutics and pharmacology). Proc R Soc Med 29:655–657
Richter CA, Birnbaum LS, Farabollini F et al (2007) In vivo effects of bisphenol A in laboratory rodent studies. Reprod Toxicol 24:199–224
Takeuchi T, Tsutsumi O, Ikezuki Y et al (2004) Positive relationship between androgen and the endocrine disruptor, bisphenol A, in normal women and women with ovarian dysfunction. Endocr J 51:165–169
Sriphrapradang C, Chailurkit LO, Aeplakorn W, Ongphiphadhanakul B (2013) Association between bisphenol A and abnormal free thyroxine level in men. Endocine (im Druck)
Lang IA, Galloway TS, Scarlett A et al (2008) Association of urinary bisphenol A concentration with medical disorders and laboratory abnormalities in adults. JAMA 300:1303–1310
Meeker JD, Sathyanarayana S, Swan SH (2009) Phthalates and other additives in plastics: human exposure and associated health outcomes. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 364:2097–2113
Frederiksen H, Skakkebaek NE, Andersson AM (2007) Metabolism of phthalates in humans. Mol Nutr Food Res 51:899–911
Li LH, Jester WF Jr, Orth JM (1998) Effects of relatively low levels of mono- (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate on cocultured Sertoli cells and gonocytes from neonatal rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 153:258–265
Arcadi FA, Costa C, Imperatore C et al (1998) Oral toxicity of bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate during pregnancy and suckling in the Long-Evans rat. Food Chem Toxicol 36:963–970
Foster PM (2006) Disruption of reproductive development in male rat offspring following in utero exposure to phthalate esters. Int J Androl 29:140–147 (Diskussion: 181–185)
Swan SH, Main KM, Liu F et al (2005) Decrease in anogenital distance among male infants with prenatal phthalate exposure. Environ Health Perspect 113:1056–1061
James-Todd T, Stahlhut R, Meeker JD et al (2012) Urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations and diabetes among women in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2001–2008. Environ Health Perspect 120:1307–1313
Bornehag CG, Nanberg E (2010) Phthalate exposure and asthma in children. Int J Androl 33:333–345
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2015 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Popovici, R. (2015). Umweltgifte und ihre hormonelle Wirkung. In: Dimpfl, T., et al. Weiterbildung Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44424-5_13
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44424-5_13
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-662-44423-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-662-44424-5
eBook Packages: Medicine (German Language)