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Resistive Wall Mode (RWM)

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Active Control of Magneto-hydrodynamic Instabilities in Hot Plasmas

Part of the book series: Springer Series on Atomic, Optical, and Plasma Physics ((SSAOPP,volume 83))

Abstract

The advanced tokamak regime is a promising candidate for steady state tokamak operation, desirable for a fusion reactor. This regime is characterized by a high bootstrap current fraction and a flat or reversed safety factor profile, which leads to operation close to the pressure limit (see Chap. 2). At this limit, an external ideal kink mode becomes unstable. This external kink is converted into the slowly growing Resistive Wall Mode (RWM) by the presence of a conducting wall. Reduction of the growth rate allows one to act on the mode and to stabilize it. There are two main factors which determine the stability of the RWM. The first factor comes from external magnetic perturbations (error fields, resistive wall, feedback coils, etc.). This part of RWM physics is the same for tokamaks and reversed field pinch (RFP) configurations. The physics of this interaction is relatively well understood, since it is based on classical electrodynamics, and is used for RWM control with external coils. The second ingredient of RWM physics is the interaction of the mode with plasma flow and fast particles. These interactions are particularly important for tokamaks, which have higher plasma flow and stronger trapped particle effects compared to the present day reversed field pinch device. The influence of the fast particles will also be increasingly more important in ITER and DEMO, which will have a large fraction of fusion born alpha particles. These interactions have kinetic origins that make the computations challenging. Correct prediction of the “plasma-RWM” interaction is an important ingredient which has to be combined with the influence of external fields (resistive wall, error fields and feedback) to make reliable predictions for RWM control in a future reactor.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Other variant of simple RWM representation is nicely given in chapter 3 (subsection 3.3.1.2.1) of the book “Fusion Physics”, Ed. M. Kikuchi et al., IAEA VIENNA, 2012, (this book is freely available online http://www-pub.iaea.org/books/iaeabooks/8879/Fusion-Physics).

  2. 2.

    The dissipation considered here is the due to plasma-mode interaction, described by force \( \overrightarrow {\nabla } \cdot \vec{\varPi }_{1} \) in 6.22 and 6.23, which increases with β N .

  3. 3.

    Radial magnetic sensors can be used in the same way.

  4. 4.

    Measurements of RWM stability in the presence of a strong neutral beam torque required some form of “magnetic braking” to reduce the plasma rotation to the critical value. Two braking methods were used: (1) reduction of the current in the error correction coils, allowing the uncorrected part of the intrinsic error field to create a drag on the plasma rotation; (2) application of an additional nonaxisymmetric field with an external set of coils.

  5. 5.

    In practice, only the first bounce harmonics \( l \) are important. For \( l > \left| 4 \right| \) the resulting integral provides negligible changes of \( \delta W_{k} \).

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  1. Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, Boltzmannstr. 2, 85748, Garching, Germany

    Valentin Igochine

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    Valentin Igochine

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Igochine, V. (2015). Resistive Wall Mode (RWM). In: Igochine, V. (eds) Active Control of Magneto-hydrodynamic Instabilities in Hot Plasmas. Springer Series on Atomic, Optical, and Plasma Physics, vol 83. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44222-7_6

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