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Ichthyofauna of the River Sava System

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The Sava River

Part of the book series: The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry ((HEC,volume 31))

Abstract

On the survey of the recent records, the fish and lamprey fauna of the River Sava catchment consists of 74 species, 15 of which being considered alien. The indigenous species diversity, explained using the relation N = 0. 546 A 0.232, fits well into the range common for large catchments in Europe. Both taxonomic and ecological diversity, as well as the character of fish communities in streams and rivers, are strongly correlated with the stream order. On the relative abundance of species in fish communities, the upper rhithron fish communities cluster distinctly from those belonging to the middle rhithron, within which several subgroups of fish communities were distinguishable. Fish communities of the middle rhithron character in streams and small rivers stand distinctly apart from those belonging to particular sections of large rivers (e.g., the Rivers Sava, Drina, Vrbas, and Bosna), with the transitional type of middle rhithron fish community in larger rivers (e.g., those in the Rivers Una and Sana) that resemble more to the fish communities common in middle rhithron streams. Fish communities in the middle section of the River Sava in Croatia and in the bordering area with Bosnia and Herzegovina mainly belong to the lower rhithron, attaining the character of potamon in the most downstream, Serbian section. River Sava’s fish communities strongly interact with the ones occurring in the most downstream sections of their largest tributaries, e.g., the Rivers Una, Vrbas, Bosna, Drina, and Kolubara, which makes them very similar in structure in the areas of river mouths. Classification of fish communities based solely on the presence and absence of species revealed similar general pattern of fish community classification, though with the more sharp delimitation between those belonging to the upper and middle rhithron on one and to the lower rhithron and potamon on the other side. That was supported by the determination of fish communities belonging to the upper rhithron with brown trout Salmo cf. trutta, European bullhead Cottus gobio, and minnow Phoxinus phoxinus as the most common fish species. Fish communities belonging to the middle rhithron were determined mainly with chub Squalius cephalus and spirlin Alburnoides bipunctatus, whereas brook barbel Barbus balcanicus and stone loach Barbatula barbatula occurred in both upper rhithron and middle rhithron. Nase Chondrostoma nasus were associated with both middle and lower rhithron fish communities. The most common fish species that determine the lower rhithron fish communities were common bream Abramis brama, ide Idus idus, and bleak Alburnus alburnus, with the northern pike Esox lucius, Balon’s ruffe Gymnocephalus baloni, and racer goby Neogobius gymnotrachelus as significant species explaining fish communities of both lower rhithron and potamon. The level of production of fish in the River Sava varies remarkably within the sections with the similar ecological features, as well as between the sections that differ for the type of fish community. The greatest biomass and annual natural production were recorded in the sections homing the potamon and lower rhithron fish communities, especially in the flooding areas of side arms and oxbows which serve as spawning areas and nurseries. A total of 15 alien fish species was recorded in the River Sava catchment, the Prussian carp Carassius gibelio and brown bullhead Ameiurus nebulosus being assessed the most invasive in the areas with the potamon fish community. A strong impact from both long-term and recent stocking with alien hatchery-reared brown trout strains and rainbow trout in the upper rhithron fish communities was recently recognized. Mudminnow Umbra krameri and huchen (or Danube salmon) Hucho hucho are considered the two most threatened fish species of the River Sava catchment, where various types of riverbed modifications, especially the damming, were seen the most prominent threatening factors for fish diversity.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia

    Predrag Simonović & Vera Nikolić

  2. U.B. Učakar 108, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia

    Metka Povž

  3. Department of Fisheries, Beekeeping, Game Management and Special Zoology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska 25, 10 000, Zagreb, Croatia

    Marina Piria & Tomislav Treer

  4. Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Tuzla, Univerzitetska 4, 75000, Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina

    Avdul Adrović

  5. Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Sarajevo, Zmaja od Bosne 33-35, 71000, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina

    Rifat Škrijelj

  6. Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Radoja Domanovića 12, 34000, Kragujevac, Serbia

    Vladica Simić

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  1. Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia

    Radmila Milačič

  2. Department of Environmental Science, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia

    Janez Ščančar

  3. Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia

    Momir Paunović

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Simonović, P. et al. (2015). Ichthyofauna of the River Sava System. In: Milačič, R., Ščančar, J., Paunović, M. (eds) The Sava River. The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, vol 31. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44034-6_14

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