Abstract
This paper proposes a method of reversible data hiding based on generalized histogram shifting where the proposed method is free from memorizing embedding parameters. A generalized histogram shifting-based reversible data hiding (GHS-RDH) method increases (or decreases) particular pixel values in the image by \((q - 1)\), based on the tonal distribution of the image, to hide \(q\)-ary data symbols to the image. The method not only extracts hidden data but also restores the original image from the distorted image carrying hidden data. Whereas conventional GHS-RDH should memorize a set of image-dependent parameters for hidden data extraction and original image recovery, the proposed method is free from parameter memorization and from embedding parameters in the image by introducing three mechanisms; guard zero histogram bins, double side modification, and histogram peak shifting. The proposed method does not need to identify the distorted image conveying hidden data among all possible images before the hidden data extraction, and it makes generalized HS-RDH feasible. In addition, the proposed method is naturally free from overflow/underflow problem. Experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
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Notes
- 1.
Whereas the method [24] seems to be an HS-RDH method for prediction error images, it not only shifts a portion of the histogram bins but also interchanges the portion through its embedding process.
- 2.
The capacity for a payload is \(h\left( v_\text {peak} - 1 \right) + h \left( v_\text {peak} + 1 \right) - 2K\), because two of parameters represented by \(K\)-bits are also hidden into the image.
- 3.
As mentioned at Step 2 in the previous section entitled “Data Hiding” which describes the algorithm for data hiding, \(h\left( \tilde{v}_{0_-} - 1 \right) = 0\) when \(q\) is even.
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Acknowledgment
This work has been partly supported by the Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (B), No. 20336522, from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan and from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science.
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Fujiyoshi, M. (2014). Generalized Histogram Shifting-Based Blind Reversible Data Hiding with Balanced and Guarded Double Side Modification. In: Shi, Y., Kim, HJ., Pérez-González, F. (eds) Digital-Forensics and Watermarking. IWDW 2013. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 8389. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-43886-2_35
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