Abstract
Before analysing the substantive merger control law, the institutional framework that the Chinese merger control is embedded in should be examined. The drafters of the AML had agreed early on that public enforcement of the Chinese merger control regime should follow the EU administrative model, as opposed to the judiciary regime of the US. They opted for a two-tier enforcement regime, which will be described in the following. Moreover, the individual enforcement authorities will be presented.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
See Wu, Z., 75 Antitrust L. J. 73, 103 (2008–2009).
- 2.
Huang, 75 Antitrust L. J. 117, 125 (2008–2009); Law, 22/6 CLP 10, 12 (2008); Owen/Sun, S./Zheng, 75 Antitrust L. J. 231, 261 (2008–2009), http://ssrn.com/abstract=1483273, last accessed 12 January 2014; Wang, X., 75 Antitrust L. J. 133, 145 (2008–2009).
- 3.
Ha/Hickin, 6/6 asialaw 26, 27 (2008); Wang, X./Su, in: Zimmer (ed.), The Goals of Competition Law, 2012, p. 379, 380.
- 4.
Gao, Competition Law in China, 2011, http://acle.uva.nl/binaries/content/assets/subsites/amsterdam-center-for-law--economics/cr-meetings/2011/papers/gao_paper.pdf, last accessed 12 January 2014, p. 3.
- 5.
Gao, Competition Law in China, 2011, http://acle.uva.nl/binaries/content/assets/subsites/amsterdam-center-for-law--economics/cr-meetings/2011/papers/gao_paper.pdf, last accessed 12 January 2014, p. 4.
- 6.
Fox, 41 Loyola University Chicago Law Journal 473, 476 (2010), http://www.luc.edu/law/activities/publications/lljdocs/vol41_no3/pdfs/fox_design.pdf, last accessed 12 January 2014; Healey, in: Drexl et al. (eds.), More Common Ground for International Competition Law?, 2011, p. 122, 139; Owen/Sun, S./Zheng, 75 Antitrust L. J. 231, 261 (2008–2009), http://ssrn.com/abstract=1483273, last accessed 12 January 2014; Wang, X., 75 Antitrust L. J. 133, 145 (2008–2009).
- 7.
OECD (ed.), OECD Reviews of Regulatory Reform: China, 2009, p. 52.
- 8.
Furse, 31 E.C.L.R. 98, 100 et seq. (2010); Wang, X., 54 Antitrust Bull. 579, 590 (2009).
- 9.
Furse, 31 E.C.L.R. 98, 104 (2010).
- 10.
See Williams, Multiple Competition Agency Solutions, 2008, http://www.asiancompetitionforum.org/docman/power-point-slides-2.html, last accessed 12 January 2014.
- 11.
Zhang, A., The enforcement of the Anti-Monopoly Law, 2011, http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1783037, last accessed 12 January 2014, p. 15.
- 12.
See Fox, 41 Loyola University Chicago Law Journal 473, 477 (2010), http://www.luc.edu/law/activities/publications/lljdocs/vol41_no3/pdfs/fox_design.pdf, last accessed 12 January 2014.
- 13.
Gao, Jiajia, Competition Law in China: From Merger Control Onwards, speech given at the 7th Annual Competition & Regulation Meeting on “Competition Policy for Emerging Economies: When and How?”, 20 May 2011, has indicated in her speech that the formation of a new central government in 2012 may initiate the consolidation of AML enforcement authorities.
- 14.
国务院办公厅关于国务院反垄断委员会主要职责和组成人员的通知, see Chinese version at http://govinfo.nlc.gov.cn/jlsfz/zfgb/200818/201010/t20101009_443078.htm?classid=443, last accessed 12 January 2014.
- 15.
Podszun, GRUR Int. 2008, 880.
- 16.
Wang, X., 75 Antitrust L. J. 133, 146 (2008–2009).
- 17.
Deng/Leonard, 22/2 Antitrust Magazine 73, 74 (2008), http://ssrn.com/abstract=1305627, last accessed 12 January 2014.
- 18.
Bush/Bo, Disentangling Industrial Policy and Competition Policy, 2011, http://www.americanbar.org/content/dam/aba/migrated/2011_build/antitrust_law/feb11_bush2_23f.authcheckdam.pdf, last accessed 12 January 2014, p. 11.
- 19.
See Internal Structure of the AMB, available at http://fldj.mofcom.gov.cn/aarticle/gywm/200811/20081105868495.html (in Chinese), last accessed 12 January 2014.
- 20.
Zhu, Zhongliang and Sun, Miao (both AMB), in an interview with the author on 27 October 2011 in Beijing (minutes of the meeting are available from the author). Hereinafter, this interview will be referred to as “Zhu and Sun (AMB), Interview on 27 October 2011”.
- 21.
See Interview with the Director-General of the AMB (Shang Ming), The Antitrust Source, February 2011, http://www.americanbar.org/content/dam/aba/migrated/2011_build/antitrust_law/feb11_shangintrvw2_23f.authcheckdam.pdf, last accessed 12 January 2014, p. 4, who has also indicated that the AMB would involve outside economists if needs arise.
- 22.
For purposes of comparison, the US antitrust authorities (the Antitrust Division of the DoJ and the FTC) employ a total of over 1,300 people in their staff; see Kwoka, Merger Control in Emerging Economies, 2011, http://acle.uva.nl/binaries/content/assets/subsites/amsterdam-center-for-law--economics/cr-meetings/2011/papers/kwoka._paper.pdf, last accessed 12 January 2014, p. 23. It is however to be noted that their work does not only cover merger control but also encompasses all areas of antitrust enforcement.
- 23.
Zhu and Sun (AMB), Interview on 27 October 2011.
- 24.
See Major Responsibilities of MOFCOM, available at http://www.mofcom.gov.cn/aarticle/wtojiben/t/200305/20030500090307.html (in Chinese), last accessed 12 January 2014.
- 25.
See Major Responsibilities of MOFCOM, available at http://www.mofcom.gov.cn/aarticle/wtojiben/t/200305/20030500090307.html (in Chinese), last accessed 12 January 2014.
- 26.
Gao, Jiajia, Competition Law in China: From Merger Control Onwards, speech given at the 7th Annual Competition & Regulation Meeting on “Competition Policy for Emerging Economies: When and How?”, 20 May 2011, has indicated in her speech that when receiving merger filings from foreign enterprises, MOFCOM would ask the routine question as to whether the transaction complies with FDI regulations.
- 27.
Masseli, GRUR Int. 2009, 633, 633.
- 28.
See Gao, Jiajia, Competition Law in China: From Merger Control Onwards, in her speech given at the 7th Annual Competition & Regulation Meeting on “Competition Policy for Emerging Economies: When and How?”, 20 May 2011.
- 29.
Kovacic, in: Drexl/Kerber/Podszun (eds.), Competition Policy and the Economic Approach, 2011, p. 291, 292.
- 30.
Schmidt/Schmidt, Europäische Wettbewerbspolitik, 2006, p. 178 et seq, with reference to the Alcatel/AEG-Kabel, Mannesmann/Vallourec/Ilva, Kali + Salz/MdK/Treuhand, Mercedes-Benz/Kässbohrer, Boeing/McDonnell, and General Electric/Honeywell mergers.
- 31.
Gao, Jiajia, Competition Law in China: From Merger Control Onwards, speech given at the 7th Annual Competition & Regulation Meeting on “Competition Policy for Emerging Economies: When and How?”, 20 May 2011, has reported in her speech that MOFCOM relies, due to its limited resources, to a considerable extent on the provincial and local authorities in its enforcement work.
- 32.
See Press Conference on AML Implementation Issues hosted by MOFCOM on 12 August 2010, http://www.mofcom.gov.cn/aarticle/ae/ai/201008/20100807078063.html?4245233051=4123207458 (in Chinese), last accessed 12 January 2014, and Interview with the Director-General of the AMB (Shang Ming), The Antitrust Source, February 2011, http://www.americanbar.org/content/dam/aba/migrated/2011_build/antitrust_law/feb11_shangintrvw2_23f.authcheckdam.pdf, last accessed 12 January 2014, p. 4.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2015 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Weinreich-Zhao, T. (2015). Institutional Framework for Enforcement of the AML. In: Chinese Merger Control Law. Munich Studies on Innovation and Competition, vol 2. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-43868-8_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-43868-8_4
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-662-43867-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-662-43868-8
eBook Packages: Humanities, Social Sciences and LawLaw and Criminology (R0)