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Cornea

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Eye Pathology

Abstract

The transparent and avascular cornea provides the entrance for light into the eye so that it can stimulate the retina. The front surface of the cornea is the most powerful refractive surface in the human eye. Its transparency is maintained by the regular arrangement of its collagenous lamellae and the desiccating action of the corneal endothelium. Its health depends also on adequate secretion of tears. As an exposed part of the eye, the cornea is subject to external injuries and infections which may render it opaque and vascularised, compromising vision. It is also subject to a plethora on degenerations and hereditary dystrophies which may have similar consequences. Corneal disease is a major cause of visual handicap and blindness both in the developed and developing world. The cornea is unique with the lens in that they do not spawn tumours. Understanding the pathology of the cornea is essential to the clinical ophthalmologist, because it can be visualised both directly and by using confocal microscopy and optical coherence tomography, both of which provide highly detailed clinicopathological correlations.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Ophthalmic Pathology Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Haartmaninkatu 4 C, PL 220, FI-00029 HUS, Helsinki, Finland

    Tero Kivelä MD, FEBO

  2. Department of Ophthalmology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Mathildenstrasse 8, D-80336, Munich, Germany

    Elisabeth M. Messmer MD, FEBO

  3. Tadeusz Krwawicz Chair of Ophthalmology, and Eye Hospital, Medical University of Lublin, ul. Chmielna 1, 20-079, Lublin, Poland

    Beata Rymgayłło-Jankowska MD, PhD

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  1. Tero Kivelä MD, FEBO
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Correspondence to Tero Kivelä MD, FEBO .

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  1. Eye Pathology Section Teilum-bygningen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

    Steffen Heegaard

  2. L.F. Montgomery Laboratory, Emory Eye Center, Atlanta, Georgia, USA

    Hans Grossniklaus

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Kivelä, T., Messmer, E.M., Rymgayłło-Jankowska, B. (2015). Cornea. In: Heegaard, S., Grossniklaus, H. (eds) Eye Pathology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-43382-9_3

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