Abstract
The terms “brain-damaged” or “brain-injured” when applied to children refers to a combination of psychologic functions that are presumed to originate in pre-natal, peri-natal or infantile insults to the cerebrum. The category is entirely behavioral (4, 5) and implies that any of a number of kinds of cerebral damage will result in a common pattern of behavioral disturbance. Locus of injury, nature of the lesion and the temporal course of the illness are usually not considered in the designation, and the non-behavioral, neurologic confirmation of the fact of anatomic insult has been conspicuous by its absence. These considerations make it clear that the term “brain-damaged” refers to a behavior syndrome and not to the fact of brain damage as such.
The research here reported was carried out at the Morris Solomon Clinic for Retarded Children, The Jewish Hospital, Brooklyn, N.Y.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Birch, H. G.: Problems in the differential diagnosis of mental retardation. In The Evaluation and Treatment of the Mentally Retarded Child in Clinics, pp. 40–49. National Association for Retarded Children, New York, 1956.
Birch, H. G.: Theoretical aspects of psychological behavior in the brain damaged. In Psychological Services for the Cerebral Palsied, pp. 28–51. United Cerebral Palsy Associations, New York, 1956.
Pavlov, I. P.: Conditioned Reflexes. Oxford Univ. Press, New York, 1927.
Strauss, A. A.: Psychopathology and Education of the Brain-Injured Child, Vol. I. Grune and Stratton, New York, 1947.
Strauss, A. A.: Psychopathology and Education of the Brain-Injured Child, Vol. 2. Grune and Stratton, New York, 1955.
Strauss, A. A.: Ways of thinking in brain-crippled deficient children. Am. J. Psychiat., 100: 639–647, 1944.
Strauss, A. A. and Kephart, N. C.: Behavior differences in mentally retarded children measured by a new behavior rating scale. Am. J. Psychiat., 19: 1117–1124, 1940.
Strauss, A. A. and Werner, H.: Disorders of conceptual thinking in the brain-injured child. J. Nerv. and Ment. Dis., 96: 153–172, 1942.
Strauss, A. A. and Werner, H.: Experimental analysis of the clinical symptom “perseveration” in mentally retarded children. Am. J. Ment. Deficiency, 47: 185–188, 1942.
Werner, H.: Development of visuo-motor performance on the marble-board test in mentally retarded children. J. Genetic Psychol., 64: 269–279, 1944.
Werner, H.: Abnormal and subnormal rigidity. J. Abnorm. dr Social Psychol., 41: 15–24, 1946.
Werner, H. and Bowers, M.: Auditory-motor organization in two clinical types of mentally deficient children. J. Genetic Psychol., 59: 85–99, 1941.
Werner, H. and Carrison, D.: Animistic thinking in brain-injured, mentally retarded children. J. Abnorm. and Social Psychol., 39: 43–62, 1944.
Werner, H. and Strauss, A. A.: Causal factors in low performance. Am. J. Ment. Deficiency, 45: 213–218, 1940.
Werner, H. and Strauss, A. A.: Pathology of figure-background relation in the brain-injured child. J. Abnorm. and Social Psychol., 36: 236–248, 1941.
Werner, H. and Thuma, B. D.: A deficiency in the perception of apparent motion in children with brain-injury. Am. J. Psychol., 55: 58–67, 1942.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1959 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Birch, H.G., Demb, H. (1959). The Formation and Extinction of Conditioned Reflexes in “Brain-Damaged” and Mongoloid Children. In: Franks, C.M. (eds) Conditioning Techniques in Clinical Practice and Research. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-39876-0_13
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-39876-0_13
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-662-38933-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-662-39876-0
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive