Zusammenfassung
Desoxyribonucleasen greifen Internucleotid-Bindungen in Desoxyribo-nucleinsäuren an und sind damit eine spezielle Gruppe von Phosphodiesterasen. Sie werden von den „unspezifischen“ Diesterasen (s. S. 1009ff.) und von Ribonucleasen (s. S. 721ff.) wie folgt abgegrenzt:
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1.
Im Unterschied zu Phosphodiesterasen werden nur Polynucleotide und Oligonucleotide der Desoxyribose-Reihe angegriffen; Substanzen von Nicht-Nucleotid-Charakter wie z.B. Bis-p-nitrophenylphosphat werden nicht hydrolysiert; es liegt reine „Endonuclease“-Wirkung vor, da terminal stehende Mononucleotide nicht abgespalten werden.
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2.
Im Unterschied zu Ribonucleasen besteht eine absolute, nur in Ausnahmefällen durchbrochene Spezifität für den Nucleinsäure-Baustein Desoxyribose mit allen Konsequenzen hinsichtlich des bei Desoxyribonucleasen rein hydrolytischen Reaktionsmechanismus, da ein Hydroxyl an C-2′ für eine Transfer-Reaktion nicht verfügbar ist; ferner ist die Basen-Spezifität wenig ausgeprägt, da die chemische Natur der Nucleobase (z.B. Pyrimidin oder Purin bzw. Guanin) nicht ausschließlich darüber entscheidet, welche Internucleotid-Bindung gespalten wird.
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Siebert, G. (1966). Desoxyribonucleasen. In: Bruns, F.H., et al. Enzyme. Handbuch der Physiologisch- und Pathologisch-Chemischen Analyse, vol Teil B. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-38358-2_25
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