Summary
Being a double specialized cell, the neurosecretory cell exhibits the fundamental features of a neuron including bioelectrical activity. It receives afferent connections by way of synaptic junctions, both cholinergie and monoaminergic, and gives responses in the shape of action potentials. It shows also the character of a glandular cell which secretes granules of varying shape originating from the Golgi apparatus. The granules are driven along the processes, mainly the axon, down to their endings, and bear hormonal substances. The hormones are released either in the vicinity of vessels in neurohaemal storage organs, or in contact with glandular cells (neurosecretory innervation).
The synthesis of secreted material might partly occur progressively along the axon. It appears likely that hormones might be released not only at the ending, but also along the course of the axon. The nerve impulse conducted by the neurosecretory neuron itself is likely to be responsible for hormone release. The morphological and biochemical aspects of the mechanism of hormone release, for instance the part possibly played by acetylcholine, remain uncertain. There seems to be a conspicuous depletion of the dense content of granules. Attention is drawn to two different kinds of neurosecretory fibers and granules respectively bearing peptidic hormones or other substances which might be monoamines in some neurosecretory systems. The comparison between the monoaminergic and neurosecretory neurons leads to the necessity of a physiological definition of a neurosecretory cell: the product of a neurosecretory cell is of a hormonal nature.
Résumé
La cellule neurosécrétrice, doublement spécialisée, possède les caractères fondamentaux d’un neurone, y compris son comportement bioélectrique; elle reçoit des afférences de type synaptique, cholinergiques et monoaminergiques, et fournit des réponses sous forme de potentiels d’action. Elle a aussi les caractères d’une cellule glandulaire, sécrétant à partir de l’appareil de Golgi des granules protéiques acheminés le long des prolongements et notamment de l’axone, jusqu’à leur extrémité; ils sont porteurs de substances hormonales libérées soit au contact de vaisseaux dans des organes neuro-hémaux de stockage, soit au contact de cellules glandulaires (innervation neuro-sécrétoire).
La question est aujourd’hui sérieusement envisagée d’une synthèse partielle et progressive du matériel sécrété se faisant dans l’axone; il est aussi envisagé que les hormones soient excrétées non seulement à l’extrémité, mais le long du trajet de l’axone. L’influx nerveux émis et conduit dans le neurone neurosécréteur intervient probablement pour la libération des hormones; sauf pour la déplétion du contenu dense des granules, les aspects morphologiques et biochimiques de l’excrétion, et notamment le rôle éventuel de l’acétylcholine, restent incertains.
Une grande importance est aujourd’hui accordée à l’existence de deux catégories de fibres neurosécrétrices et de granules, porteurs les uns d’hormones peptidiques, les autres de substances différentes qui pourraient être des monoamines dans certains systèmes neurosécréteurs. La comparaison entre les neurones monoaminergiques et les neurones neurosécréteurs fait ressortir la nécessité de définir ces derniers par le critère physiologique de la nature hormonale de leurs produits.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
General references
Neurosecretion (Proc. 3rd Intern. Sympos. on Neurosecretion, Bristol 1961; ed. H. Heller and R. B. Clark). London and New York: Academic Press, 1962.
Neurosécrétion (4e Sympos. Intern. sur la Neurosécrétion, Strasbourg 1966; ed. F. Stutinsky). Berlin: Springer-Verl. 1967.
Travaux du 4e Sympos. Intern. Endocrin. Comp., Paris 1964. In: Arch. Anat. micr., 54, 1–658 (1965).
Szentógothai, J., B. Flerkó, B. Mess, and B. Halâsz: Hypothalamic control of the anterior pituitary. Budapest: Akademiai Kiado, 1962.
Diepen, R.: Der Hypothalamus. V. Möllendorff’s Handb. d. mikr. Anat., IV/7. Berlin: Springer, 1962.
Gabe, M.: Neurosecretion. Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1966.
Picard, D., and A. Stahl: La cellule neurosécrétrice chez les Vertébrés. Bull. Assoc. Anat., 130 bis, 1–75 (1966).
Barry, J.: Les neurosécrétats hypothalamiques. Etude histologique. In: Sympos. Intern. Neuro-Endocrinol., Paris 1966, 5–63. Paris: l’Expansion, 1966.
Recent studies on the hypothalamus, ed. by K. Brown-Grant and B. A. Cross, Brit. Med. Bull. 22/3, 195–277 (1966).
Special references
Abrahams, V. C., and M. Pickford: The effects of anticholinesterase injected into the supraoptic nuclei of chloralosed dogs on the release of the oxytocic factor of the posterior pituitary. J. Physiol., London, 133, 330–333 (1956).
Abrahams, V. C., G. B. Koelle, and P. Smart: Histochemical demonstration of cholinesterase in the hypothalamus of the dog. J. Physiol., London, 139, 137–144 (1957).
Adams, C. W. M., and J. C. Sloper: Preuve de l’existence d’une substance neurosécrétoire riche en cystine dans l’hypothalamus de l’Homme, du Rat, du Chien et du Phoque, à l’aide d’une méthode à l’acide performique-bleu alcian. VIe Congr. Féd. Intern. Anat., 1–2. Paris: Masson édit., 1955.
Adams, C. W. M., and J. C. Sloper: The hypothalamic elaboration of posterior pituitary principles in man, rat and dog. Histochemical evidence derived from a performic acid-alcian blue reaction for cystine. J. Endocr. 31, 221–228 (1956).
Arvy, L.: Histochemical demonstration of enzymatic activities in neuro-secretory centres of some homoiothermic animals. In: Neurosecretion (Proceedings of the Third Intern. Sympos. on Neurosecretion, Bristol 1961), 215–225. London and New York: Academic Press, 1962.
Bachrach, D., K. Kovacs, F. Olah, and V. Varro: Histochemical examination of the colloids of the hypothalamus-hypophysis system. Acta Morph. Acad. Sci. Hung. 3, 169–182 (1953).
Bargmann, W.: Über die neurosekretorische Verknüpfung von Hypothalamus und Neurohypophyse. Zschr. Zellforsch. 34, 610–634 (1949).
Bargmann, W., and A. Knoop: Elektronenmikroskopische Beobachtungen an der Neurohypophyse. Zschr. Zellforsch. 46, 242–251 (1957).
Bargmann, W., and A. Knoop: Über die morphologischen Beziehungen des neurosekretorischen Zwischenhirnsystems zum Zwischenlappen der Hypophyse. Zschr. Zellforsch. 52, 256–277 (1960).
Barraclough, C. A., and B. A. Cross: Unit activity in the hypothalamus of the cyclic female rat: effect of genital stimuli and progesterone. J. Endocr. 26, 339–359 (1963).
Barrnett, R. J.: Histochemical demonstration of disulfide groups in the neurohypophysis under normal and experimental conditions. Endocrinology 55, 484501 (1954).
Barry, J.: Les voies extra-hypophysaires de la neurosécrétion diencéphalique (C. R. Assoc. Anat., 42e Réun., Paris 1955). In: Bull. Assoc. Anat. 89, 464–476 (1956).
Barry, J.: Etude au microscope électronique de certains éléments de la voie neurosécrétoire hypothalamo-hypophysaire. C. R. Soc. Biol. 151, 156–158 (1957).
Barry, J., and G. Cotte: Etude préliminaire, au microscope électronique, de l’éminence médiane du Cobaye. Zschr. Zellforsch. 53, 714–724 (1961).
Bennett, M.V. L., and S. Fox: Electrophysiology of caudal neurosecretory cells in the skate and fluke. Gen. Comp. Endocrin. 2, 77–95 (1962).
Benoit, J., and I. Assenmacher: Influence de lésions hautes et basses de l’infundibulum sur la gonadostimulation chez le Canard domestique. C. R. Acad. Sci. 235, 1547–1549 (1952).
Benoit, J., and I. Assenmacher: Rapport entre la stimulation sexuelle pré-hypophysaire et la neurosécrétion chez l’Oiseau. Arch. Anat. micr. 42, 334–386 (1953).
Bern, H. A.: The properties of neurosecretory cells. In: Progress in Comparative Endocrinology (Proc. 3rd Int. Sympos. Compar. Endocrin., Oiso 1961). Gen. Compar. Endocrin. suppl. 1, 117–132 (1962).
Bern, H. A.: The secretory neuron as a doubly specialized cell. In: The General Physiology of Cell Specialization, 349–366. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1963.
Bern, H. A.: On the production of hormones by neurones and the role of neurosecretion in neuro-endocrine mechanisms. Symp. Soc. exp. Biol. 20, 325344 (1966).
Bern, H. A., and R. S. Nishioka: Fine structure of the median eminence of some passerine birds. Proc. zool. Soc. Calcutta 18, 107–119 (1965).
Bern, H. A., and K. Yagi: Electrophysiology of neurosecretory systems. In: Proc. 2nd Int. Congr. Endocrin., London 1964, 577–583. Amsterdam: Excerpta Medica Foundation, 1965.
Bern, H. A., R. S. Nishioka, and I. R. Hagadorn: Association of elementary neurosecretory granules with the Golgi complex. J. Ultrastruc. Res. 5, 311–320 (1961).
Bern, H. A., R. S. Nishioka, L. R. Mewaldt, and D. S. Farner: Photoperiodic and osmotic influences on the ultrastructure of the hypothalamic neurosecretory system of the white-crowned sparrow Zonotrichia leucophrys gambelii. Zschr. Zellforsch. 69, 198–227 (1966).
Bern, H. A., K. Yagi, and R. S. Nishioka: Structure and function of the caudal neurosecretory system of fishes. (Proc. IV Int. Sympos. on Comparative Endocrinology, Paris 1964). In: Arch. Anat. micr. 54, 217–238 (1965).
Bisset, G. W., S. M. Hilton, and A. M. Poisner: Parallel assays of vasopressin and oxytocin in blood on localized electrical stimulation of the hypothalamus. J. Physiol., London, 169, 40 p. (1963).
Bloom, R. S.: Thesis, Birmingham 1960. Quoted by Arvy, L.: Histoenzymologie des glandes endocrines. Paris: Gauthiers-Villars, 1963.
Bodian, D.: Nerve endings, neurosecretory substance and lobular organization of the neurohypophysis. Bull. Johns Hopkins Hosp. 89, 354–376 (1951).
Brettschneider, H.: Die Feinstruktur des nervösen Parenchyms des Infundibulum. I. Faserstrukturen. Zschr. mikrosk.-anat. Forsch. 62, 247–266 (1956).
Brooks, C. Mc C., J. Ushiyama, and G. Lange: Reactions of neurons in or near the supraoptic nuclei. Amer. J. Physiol. 202, 487–490 (1962).
Brooks, C. Mc C., T. Ishikawa, K. Koizumi, and H. H. Lu: Activity of neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus and its control. J. Physiol., London, 182, 217–231 (1966).
Carlsson, A., B. Falck, and N. A. Hillarp: Cellular localization of brain monoamines. Acta Physiol. Scand., Suppl. I96 (1962).
Christ, J. F.: The early changes in the hypophysial neurosecretory fibres after coagulation. In: Neurosecretion (Proceedings of the Third Intern. Sympos. on Neurosecretion, Bristol 1961), 125–142. London and New York: Academic Press, 1962.
Cohen, A. G.: B. Sc. Thesis, Birmingham 1964. Quoted by F. Knowles and L. Vollrath.
Cross, B. A.: The hypothalamus in mammalian homeostasis. Sympos. Soc. Exp. Biol. 18, 157–193 (1964).
Cross, B. A., and J. D. Green: Activity of single neurons in the hypothalamus: effect of osmotic and other stimuli. J. Physiol., London, 148, 554–569 (1959).
Cross, B. A., and I. A. Silver: Electrophysiological studies on the hypothalamus. Brit. Med. Bull. 22, 254–260 (1966).
Dahlström, A., and K. Fuxe: A method for the demonstration of monoamine-containing nerve fibres in the central nervous system. Acta Physiol. Scand. 60, 293–294 (1964 a).
Dahlström, A., and K. Fuxe: Evidence for the existence of monoamine-containing neurons in the central nervous system. I. Demonstration of monoamines in the cell bodies of brain stem neurons. Acta Physiol. Scand. 62, suppl. 232, 1–55 (1964 b).
D’Angelo, S. A., I. Snyder, and J. M. Grodin: Electrical stimulation of the hypothalamus: simultaneous effects on the pituitary-adrenal and thyroid systems of the rat. Endocrinology 75, 417–427 (1964).
Daniel, A. R., and K. Lederis: Hormone release from the neurohypophysis in vitro. Gen. Comp. Endocrin. 3, 693–694 (1963).
Daniel, A. R., and K. Lederis: Effects of acetylcholine on the release of neurohypophysial hormones in vitro. Proc. Soc. Endocrin. In: J. Endocr. 34, X–XI (1966).
De Robertis, E.: Histophysiologie des synapses et neurosécrétion. Paris: Gauthiers-Villars, 1964.
De Robertis, E.: and A. Pellegrino de Iraldi: Plurivesicular secretory processes and nerve endings in the pineal gland of the rat. J. Biophys. Biochem. Cytol. 10, 361–372 (1961).
Dierickx, K.: The dendrites of the preoptic neurosecretory nucleus of Rana temporaria and the osmoreceptors. Arch. Int. Pharmacodyn. 140, 708–725 (1962).
Dierickx, K.: The extirpation of the neurosecretory preoptic nucleus and the reproduction of Rana temporaria. Arch. Int. Pharmacodyn. 145, 580–589 (1963).
Dierickx, K.: The origin of the aldehyde-fuchsin-negative nerve fibres of the median eminence of the hypophysis: a gonadotropic centre. Zschr. Zellforsch. 66, 504–518 (1965).
Dierickx, K.: The gonadotropic centre of the tuber cinereum hypothalami and ovulation. Zschr. Zellforsch. 77, 188–203 (1967).
Duncan, D.: An electron microscope study of the neurohypophysis of a bird. Anat. Rec. 125, 457–472 (1956).
Enami, M.: 1957 (quoted by Ishibashi).
Eriinkö, O.: Histochemical evidence of intense phosphatase activity in the hypothalamic magnocellular nuclei of the rat. Acta Physiol. Scand. 24, 1–6 (1951).
Falck, B.: Observations on the possibilities of the cellular localization of monoamines by a fluorescence method. Acta Physiol. Scand. suppl. 197 (1962).
Falck, B.: Cellular localization of monoamines. Progress in Brain Research 8, 28–44, Amsterdam: Elsevier Publ. 1964.
Fang, H. S., H. M. Liu, and S. G. Wang: Liberation of antidiuretic hormone following hypothalamic stimulation in the dog. Amer. J. Physiol. 202, 212–216 (1962).
Feldberg, W., and M. Vogt: Acetylcholine synthesis in different regions of the central nervous system. J. Physiol., London, 107, 372–381 (1948).
Flament-Durand, J.: Etude des relations hypothalamo-hypophysaires à l’aide de radioisotopes marqués au soufre 35. C. R. Acad. Sci. 252, 3487–3500 (1961).
Flament-Durand, J.: Contribution à l’étude des relations hypothalamo-hypophysaires. Ann. Soc. Roy. Sci. Med. et Natur. Bruxelles 19, 1–119 (1966).
Follenius, E.: Etude comparative de la cytologie fine du noyau préoptique (NPO) et du noyau latéral du tuber (NLT) chez la Truite (Salmo irideus Gibb) et chez la Perche (Perca fluviatilis). Comparaison des 2 types de neurosécrétion. Gen. Comp. Endocrin. 3, 66–85 (1963).
Follenius, E.: Bases structurales et ultrastructurales des corrélations hypothalamo-hypophysaires chez quelques espèces de Poissons téléostéens. Ann. Sci. Nat. Zool. (12e série) VII, 1–150 (1965).
Follenius, E., and A. Porte: Etude des différents lobes de l’hypophyse de la Perche (Perca fluviatilis L.) au microscope électronique. C. R. Soc. Biol. 155, 128–131 (1961).
Follenius, E., and A. Porte: Appearance, ultrastructure and distribution of the neurosecretory material in the pituitary gland of two teleost fishes, Lebistes reticulatus and Perca fluviatilis. In: Neurosecretion (Proc. 3rd Intern. Sympos. on Neurosecretion, Bristol 1961) 51–69. London and New York: Academic Press 1962 a.
Follenius, E., and A. Porte: Etude du noyau préoptique de la Perche (Perca fluviatilis L.) au microscope électronique. C. R. Acad. Sci. 254, 930–932 (1962 b).
Fridberg, G., and R. S. Nishioka: Secretion into the cerebrospinal fluid by caudal neurosecretory neurons. Science 152, 90–91 (1966).
Fridberg, G., H. A. Bern, and R. S. Nishioka: The caudal neurosecretory system of the isospondylous teleost Albula vulpes, from different habitats. Gen. Comp. Endocrin. 6, 195–212 (1966 a).
Fridberg, G., S. Iwasaki, K. Yagi, H. A. Bern, D. M. Wilson, and H. S. Nishioka: Relation of impulse conduction to electrically induced release of neuro-secretory material from the urophysis of the teleost fish Tilapia mossambica. J. Exper. Zool., 161, 137–142 (1966 b).
Fridberg, G. R. S. Nishioka, H. A. Bern, and W. R. Fleming: Regeneration of the caudal neurosecretory system in the cichlid teleost Tilapia mossambica. J. Exper. Zool., 162, 311–336 (1966 c).
Fuxe, K.: Cellular localization of monoamines in the median eminence and the infundibular system of some mammals. Zschr. Zellforsch. 61, 710–724 (1964).
Fuxe, K., and T. Hökfelt: Further evidence for the existence of tuberoinfundibular dopamine neurons. Acta Physiol. Scand. 66, 245–246 (1966).
Fuxe, K., and L. Ljunggren: Cellular localization of the monoamines in the upper brain stem of the pigeon. J. Comp. Neurol., 125, 355–388 (1965).
Fuxe, K., T. Hökfelt, and O. Nilsson: A fluorescence and electron microscopic study on certain brain regions rich in monoamine terminals. Amer. J. Anat. 117, 33–45 (1965).
Gabe, M.: Signification histochimique de certaines affinités tinctoriales du produit de neurosécrétion hypothalamique. C. R. Soc. Biol. 149, 462–464 (1955).
Gabe, M.: Présence de composés décelables par la réaction à l’acide periodique-Schiff dans le produit de neurosécrétion hypothalamique chez quelques Vertébrés. C. R. Acad. Sci. 250, 937–939 (1960).
Gerschenfeld, H. M., J. Tramezzani, and E. de Robertis: Ultrastructure and function in neurohypophysis of the toad. Endocrinology 66, 741–762 (1960).
Green, J. D., and D. S. Maxwell: Comparative anatomy of the hypophysis and observations on the mechanism of neurosecretion. In: Comparative Endocrinology, 368–392. New York: J. Wiley, 1959.
Green, J. D., and V. L. van Breemen: Electron microscopy of the pituitary and observations on neurosecretion. Amer. J. Anat. 97, 177–227 (1955).
Grignon, G.: Mise en évidence d’une activité antidiurétique d’extraits de quelques régions de l’encéphale chez la Tortue terrestre (T. mauritanica Dumer.). C. R. Soc. Biol. 155, 1523–1526 (1961).
Grignon, G., and M. Lamarche: Etude de l’activité ocytocique d’extraits de différentes parties du cerveau chez la Tortue terrestre (Testudo mauritanica). C. R. Soc. Biol. 153, 2030–2032 (1959).
Halcísz, B., L. Pupp, and S. Uhlarik: Hypophysiotrophic area in the hypothalamus. J. Endocr. 25, 147–154 (1962).
Halâesz, B., M. A. Slusher, and R. A. Gorski: Adrenocorticotrophic hormone secretion in Rats after partial or total deafferentation of the medial basal hypothalamus. Neuroendocrin. 2, 43–55 (1967).
Haller, E.W., H. Sachs, N. Sperelakis, and L. Share: Release of vasopressin from isolated guinea pig posterior pituitaries. Amer. J. Physiol. 209, 79–83 (1965).
Harris, G. W.: Stimulation of the supraoptico-hypophyseal tract in the conscious rabbit with currents of different wave forms. J. Physiol., London, 107, 412–448 (1948).
Harris, G. W.: Central control of pituitary secretion. In: Neurophysiology 2 (Field, J., H. W. Magoun, and V. E. Hall, eds.), 1007–1038. Baltimore: Waverly Press, 1960.
Hartmann, J. F.: Electron microscopy of the neurohypophysis in normal and histamine-treated rats. Zschr. Zellforsch. 48, 291–308 (1958).
Hayward, J. N., and W. K. Smith: Antidiuretic response to electrical stimulation in brain stem of the monkey. Amer. J. Physiol. 206, 15–20 (1964).
Heller, H., and M. Ginsburg: in Harris, G. W., and B. T. Donovan: The pituitary Gland. London: Butterworths, 1966.
Heller, H., and K. Lederis: Characteristics of isolated neurosecretory vesicles from mammalian neural lobes. In: Neurosecretion (Heller, H., and R. B. Clark, eds), 35–46. London: Academic Press, 1962.
Hild, W.: Experimentell-morphologische Untersuchungen über das Verhalten der “Neurosekretorischen Bahn” nach Hypophysenstieldurchtrennungen, Eingriffen in den Wasserhaushalt und Belastung der Osmoregulation. Virchows Arch. path. Anat. 319, 526 546 (1951).
Hild, W., and G. Zetler: Ober die Funktion des Neurosekrets im Zwischenhirn-Neurohypophysensystem als Trägersubstanz für Vasopressin, Adiuretin und Ocytocin. Zschr. exper. Med. 120, 236–243 (1953).
Hökfelt, T.: Electron microscopic studies on brain slices from regions rich in catecholamine nerve terminals. (Quoted by Hökfelt, 1967.) Acta physiol. Scand. 69, 119–120 (1967).
Hökfelt, T.: On the ultrastructural localization of noradrenaline in the central nervous system of the rat. Zschr. Zellforsch. 79, 110–117 (1967).
Holmes, R. L.: Esterases of the hypothalamo-hypophysial system of the monkey. J. Endocr. 23, 63–67 (1961).
Holmes, R. L.: Comparative observations on inclusions in nerve fibers of the mammalian neurohypophysis. Zschr. Zellforsch. 64, 474–492 (1964).
Holmes, R. L.: The neurohypophysis of the foetal monkey. Zschr. Zellforsch. 69, 288–295 (1966).
Holmes, R. L., and J. A. Kiernan: The fine structure of the infundibular process of the hedgehog. Zschr. Zellforsch. 61, 894–912 (1964).
Holmes, R. L., and F. G. Knowles: “Synaptic vesicles” in the neurohypophysis. Nature 185, 710–711 (1960).
Howe, A., and A. G. E. Pearse: A histochemical investigation of neuro-secretory substance in the rat. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 4, 561–569 (1956).
Hydén, H.: The neuron. In: The cell (J. Brachet and A. E. Mirsky, eds) IV, 216–232. New York: Academic Press, 1960.
Hydén, H., and E. Egyhazi: Changes in the base compositions of nuclear ribonucleic acid of neurons during a short period of enhanced protein production. J. Cell Biol. 15, 37–44 (1962).
Ifft, J. D.: The effect of endocrine gland extirpation on the size of nucleoli in rat hypothalamic neurons. Anat. Rec. 148, 599–603 (1964).
Iift, J. D., and W. Berkowitz: A comparison of selected morphological and chemical methods for measuring neuron activity in the supraoptic nucleus of dehydrated rats. Anat. Rec. 152, 231–234 (1965).
Iljima, K., T. R. Shantha, and G. H. Boume: Enzyme histochemical studies on the hypothalamus, with special reference to supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of the squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciurens). Zschr. Zellforsch. 79, 76–91 (1967).
Ishibashi, T.: Electrical activity of the caudal neurosecretory cells in the eel Anguilla japonica with special reference to synaptic transmission. Gen. Comp. Endocrin. 2, 415–424 (1962).
Iturriza, F. C.: Electron microscopic study of the pars intermedia of the pituitary of the toad, Bu f o arenarum. Gen. Comp. Endocrin. 4, 492–502 (1964).
Jewell, P. A., and E. B. Verney: An experimental attempt to determine the site of the neurohypophysial osmoreceptors in the dog. Philos. Transact. Roy. Soc., London, Biol. Sc., Sér. B, 240, 197–324 (1957).
Jorgensen, C. B.: Brain-pituitary relationships in amphibians, birds and mammals: on the origin and nature of the neurons by which hypothalamic control of pars distalis functions are mediated. (Tray. 4e Sympos. Endocrin. Comp., Paris 1964). In: Arch. Anat. microsc. 54, 261–276 (1965).
Kandel, E. R.: Spike and synaptic potentials in hypothalamic neuroendocrine cells. Fed. Proc. 21, 361 (1962).
Kandel, E. R.: Electrical properties of hypothalamic neuroendocrine cells. J. gen. Physiol. 47, 691–718 (1964).
Kinosita, H., K. Yagi, and M. Yasuda: Electrophysiological studies on the caudal neurosecretory system of fish. Dobutsu Zasshi (Zool. Mag.) 71, 371 (1962).
Kivalo, E., U. K. Rinne, and S. Mäkelä: Acetylcholinesterase, acid phosphatase and succinic dehydrogenase in the hypothalamic magnocellular nuclei after chlorpromazine administration. Experientia 14, 293–296 (1958).
Knowles, F.: The ultrastructure of a crustacean neurohaemal organ. In: Neuro-secretion (Proc. 3rd Intern. Sympos. on Neurosecretion, Bristol 1961), 71–88. London and New York: Academic Press 1962.
Knowles, F.: Vesicle formation in the distal part of a neurosecretory system. Proc. Roy. Soc., London, Ser. B, 160, 360–372 (1964).
Knowles, F.: Neuroendocrine correlations at the level of ultrastructure. (Tray. 4e Sympos. Endocrin. Comp., Paris 1964). In: Arch. Anat. micr. 54, 343–358 (1965 a).
Knowles, F.: Evidence for a dual control, by neurosecretion, of hormone synthesis and hormone release in the pituitary of the dogfish Scylliorhinus stellaris. Phil. Transact. Roy. Soc., Ser. B, Biol. Sc., 249, 435–456 (1965 b).
Knowles, F., and H. A. Bern: The function of neurosecretion in endocrine regulation. Nature 210, 271–272 (1966).
Knowles, F., and D. B. Carlisle: Endocrine control in the crustacea. Biol. Rev. 31, 396–473 (1956).
Knowles, F., and L. Vollrath: Neurosecretory innervation of the pituitary of the eels Anguilla and Conger. I. The structure and ultrastructure of the neuro-intermediate lobe under normal and experimental conditions. Phil. Transact. Roy. Soc., Ser. B, Biol. Sc., 250, 311–327 (1966 a).
Knowles, F., and L. Vollrath: Neurosecretory innervation of the pituitary of the eels Anguilla and Conger. II. The structure and innervation of the pars distalis at different stages of the life cycle. Phil. Transact. Roy. Soc., Ser. B, Biol. Sc., 250, 329–341 (1966 b).
Kobayashi, H., and D. S. Farner: Cholinesterase in the hypothalamo-hypophysial neurosecretory system of the white-crowned sparrow, Zonotrichia Leucophrys Gambelii. Zschr. Zellforsch. 63, 965–973 (1964).
Kobayashi, H., and D. S. Farner: Evidence of a negative feed-back on photo-periodically induced gonadal development in the white-crowned sparrow, Zonotrichia leucophrys Gambelii. Gen. Comp. Endocrin. 6, 443–452 (1966).
Kobayashi, H., and Y. Oota: Functional electron microscopy of the vertebrate neurosecretory storage-release organs. Gunma Sympos. Endocrinol. 1, 63–79 (1964).
Kobayashi, H., T. Hirano, and Y. Oota: Electron microscopic and pharmacological studies on the median eminence and pars nervosa. (Tray. 4e Sympos. Endocrin. Comp., Paris 1964.) In: Arch. Anat. micr. 54, 277–294 (1965).
Kobayashi, H., Y. Oota, and T. Hirano: Acid phosphatase activity of the hypothalamo-hypophysial system of dehydrated rats and pigeons in relation to neurosecretion. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 2, 495–498 (1962).
Kobayashi, H., Y. Oota, and T. Hirano: Electron microscopic and pharmacological studies on the rat median eminence. Zschr. Zellforsch. 71, 387–404 (1966).
Kobayashi, H., H. Uemura, Y. Oota, and S. Ishii: Cholinergie substance in the caudal neurosecretory storage organ of fish. Science 141, 714–716 (1963).
Koelle, G. B., and C. N. Geesey: Localization of acetylcholinesterase in the neurohypophysis and its functional implications. Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. Med. 106, 625–628 (1961).
Koizumi, K., T. Ishikawa, and C. Mc C. Brooks: Control of activity of neurons in the supraoptic nucleus. J. Neurophysiol. 27, 878–892 (1964).
La Bella, F. S., and M. Sanwal: Isolation of nerve endings from the posterior pituitary gland. Electron microscopy of fractions isolated by centrifugation. J. Cell Biol. 25, 179–193 (1965).
Lederis, K.: The distribution of vasopressin and oxytocin in hypothalamic nuclei. In: Neurosecretion (Proc. 3rd Intern. Sympos. on Neurosecretion, Bristol 1961), 227–239. London and New York: Academic Press 1962.
Lederis, K.: A preliminary report on the ultrastructure of the human neurohypophysis. J. Endocr. 27, 133–135 (1963).
Lederis, K.: Fine structure and hormone content of the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system of the rainbow trout (Salmo irideus) exposed to sea water. Gen. Comp. Endocrin. 4, 638–661 (1964).
Lederis, K.: An electron microscopical study of the human neurohypophysis. Zschr. Zellforsch. 65, 847–868 (1965).
Legait, H., and E. Legait: Mise en évidence de voies neurosécrétoires extra-hypophysaires chez quelques Batraciens et Reptiles. C. R. Soc. Biol. 150, 14291431 (1956).
Legait, H., and E. Legait: Les voies extra-hypophysaires des noyaux neuro-sécrétoires hypothalamiques chez les Batraciens et les Reptiles. Acta Anat. 30, 429–433 (1957).
Legait, H., and E. Legait: Présence d’une voie neurosécrétoire hypothalamohabénulaire et mise en évidence d’une activité antidiurétique au niveau des ganglions de l’habénula chez la Poule. C. R. Soc. Biol. 152, 828–830 (1958).
Leray, C.: Etude de l’incorporation de cystéine marquée au soufre 35 dans le système hypothalamo-hypophysaire et plus spécialement dans l’adénohypophyse chez un téléostéen: Mugil cephalus L. C. R. Acad. Sci. 256, 795–798 (1963).
Luciani, J., and R. Seite: Sur une différence de comportement des cellules neurosécrétrices des noyaux supra-optique et paraventriculaire du Chat, après injection de tricyano-amino-propéne (TRIAP). C. R. Soc. Biol. 159, 422–424 (1965).
Mach, B., E. Rich, and E. L. Tatum: Separation of the biosynthesis of the antibiotic polypeptide tyrocidine from protein biosynthesis. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.) 50, 175–181 (1963).
Matsui, T.: Fine structure of the posterior median eminence of the pigeon, Columba livia domestica. J. Fac. Sci. Tokyo, sect. IV, 11, 49–70 (1966 a).
Matsui, T.: Fine structure of the median eminence of the rat. J. Fac. Sc. Tokyo, sect. IV, 11, 71–96 (1966 b).
Matsui, T.: Effect of reserpine on the distribution of granulated vesicles in the mouse median eminence. Neuroendocrinol. 2, 99–106 (1967).
Mazzi V.: I fenomeni neurosecretori nella femmina del tritone crestato in condizioni sperimentali. Zschr. Zellforsch. 39, 298–317 (1953).
Mazzuca, M.: Structure fine de l’éminence médiane du cobaye. J. Microscopie 4, 225–238 (1965).
Mellinger, J.: Les relations neuro-vasculo-glandulaires dans l’appareil hypophysaire de la Roussette, Scylliorhinus caniculus L. Thesis Sci., Strasbourg 1963.
Morita, H., T. Ishibashi, and S. Yamashita: Synaptic transmission in neuro-secretory cells. Nature 191, 183 (1961).
Moses, A. M., T. F. Leveque, M. Giambatista, and C. W. Lloyd: Dissociation between the content of vasopressin and neurosecretory material in the rat neurohypophysis. J. Endocr. 26, 273–278 (1963).
Mosinger, M.: Bases d’une médecine et d’une biologie intégratives. Diencéphale, neuro-endocrinologie et neuro-ergonologie. Coimbra: Coimbra Editora, 1951.
Murakami, M.: Elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchung der neurosekretorischen Zellen im Hypothalamus der Maus. Zschr. Zellforsch. 56, 277–299 (1962).
Murakami, M.: Weitere Untersuchungen über die Feinstruktur der neurosekretorischen Zellen im Nucleus Supra-opticus von Gecko faponicus. Zschr. Zell-forsch. 59, 684–699 (1963).
Murakami, M.: Elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen am Nucleus praeopticus der Kröte (Bu f o vulgaris formosus). Zschr. Zellforsch. 63, 208–225 (1964).
Nemetschek-Gansler, H.: Zur Ultrastruktur des Hypophysen-Zwischenhirnsystems der Ratte. Zschr. Zellforsch. 67, 844–862 (1965).
Nishioka, R. S., H. A. Bern, and L. R. Mewaldt: Ultrastructural aspects of the neurohypophysis of the white-crowned sparrow, Zonotrichia leucophrys Garnbelii, with special reference to the relation of neurosecretory axons to ependyma in the pars nervosa. Gen. Comp. Endocrin. 4, 304–313 (1964).
Oota, Y.: Effect of dehydration on the fine structures of pars nervosa of pigeon. Dobutsu. Zasshi (Zool. Mag.) 71, 235–242 (1962).
Oota, Y.: Fine structure of the caudal neurosecretory system of the carp, Cyprinus carpio. J. Fac. Sc. Tokyo Univ., sect. IV, 10, 129–141 (1963 a).
Oota, Y.: Electron microscopic studies on the region of the hypothalamus contiguous to the hypophysis and the neurohypophysis of the fish, Oryzias latipes. J. Fac. Sc. Tokyo Univ., sect. IV, 10, 143–153 (1963 b).
Oota, Y.: Fine structure of the median eminence and the pars nervosa of the mouse. J. Fac. Sc. Tokyo Univ., sect. IV, 10, 155–168 (1963 c).
Oota, Y.: Fine structure of the median eminence and the pars nervosa of the turtle, Clemmys japonica. J. Fac. Sc. Tokyo Univ., sect. IV, 10, 169–179 (1963 d).
Oota, Y., and H. Kobayashi: Fine structure of the median eminence and pars nervosa of the pigeon. Annot. Zool. Japon. 35, 128–138 (1962).
Oota, Y., and H. Kobayashi: Fine structure of the median eminence and the pars nervosa of the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana. Zschr. Zellforsch. 60, 667–687 (1963).
Oota, Y., and H. Kobayashi: On the synaptic vesicle-like structures in the neurosecretory axon of the mouse neural lobe. Annot. Zool. Japon. 39, 193–201 (1966).
Osinchak, J.: Electron microscopic localization of acid phosphatase and thiamine pyrophosphatase activity in hypothalamic neurosecretory cells of the rat. J. Cell Biol. 21, 35–48 (1964).
Palay, S. L.: Neurosecretory phenomena in the hypothalamo-hypophysial system of man and monkey. Amer. J. Anat. 93, 107–141 (1953).
Palay, S. L.: An electron microscope study of the neurohypophysis in normal, hydrated and dehydrated rats. Anat. Rec. 121, 348 (1955).
Palay, S. L.: The fine structure of the neurohypophysis. In: Progress in Neurobiology, II. Ultrastructure and cellular chemistry of neural tissue, 31–49. New York: Hoeber, 1957.
Palay, S. L.: The fine structure of secretory neurone in the preoptic nucleus of the goldfish. Anat. Rec. 138, 417–444 (1960).
Parmar, S. S. M. C. Sutter, and M. Nickerson: Localization and characterization of cholinesterase in subcellular fractions of rat brain and beef pituitary. Can. J. Physiol. and Pharmacol. 39, 1335 (1961).
Pearse, A. G.: Esterases of the hypothalamus and neurohypophysis and their functional significance. In: Pathophysiologia diencephalica, 329–335. Wien: Springer, 1958.
Pellegrino de Iraldi, A., H. F. Duggan, and E. de Robertis: Adrenergic synaptic vesicles in the anterior hypothalamus of the rat. Anat. Rec. 145, 521–531 (1963).
Pepler, W. J., and A. G. Pearse: The histochemistry of esterases of rat brain with special reference to those of the hypothalamic nuclei. J. Neurochem. 1, 193–202 (1957).
Peyrot, A.: Recherches histoenzymologiques sur le système neurosécréteur caudal de quelques téléostéens (Cyprinus carpio L., Tinca tinca L. et Salmo fario L.). Gen. Comp. Endocrin. 4, 320–330 (1964).
Peyrot, A.: Il sistema neurosecernente caudale dei pesci. Ric. Sci. 35 (I), 115–140 (1965).
Picard, D., and A. Stahl: Signification fondamentale du certaines activités élaboratrices des cellules nerveuses. Etude critique de la notion actuelle de neurosécrétion. J. de Physiol. 48, 73–95 (1956).
Picard, D., A. Stahl, and R. Seite: Elaborations neuronales dans des territoires ganglionnaires et encéphaliques du système végétatif. Acta neuroveget. 16, 110129 (1957).
Picard, D., R. Seite, A. Monneron, and J. Luciani: Influence du tricyanoaminopropène sur les noyaux neurosécrétoires hypothalamiques du Rat et du Chat. J. de Physiol. 57, 270–271 (1965).
Pickford, M., and J. A. Watt: A comparison of the effect of intravenous and intracarotid injection of acetylcholine in the dog. J. Physiol., London, 114, 333–335 (1951).
Richardson, K. C.: The fine structure of the albino rabbit iris with special reference to the identification of adrenergic and cholinergic nerve endings in its intrinsic muscles. Amer. J. Anat. 114, 173–206 (1964).
Richardson, K. C.: Electron microscopic identification of autonomic nerve endings. Nature 210, 756 (1966).
Rodriguez, R. M.: Etude comparative de l’activité acétylcholinestérasique dans les noyaux hypothalamiques chez plusieurs mammifères. Trab. Inst. Cajal Invest. Biol. 57, 29–44 (1965).
Röhlich, P., B. Vigh, I. Teichmann, and B. Aros: Electron microscopy of the median eminence of the rat. Acta Biol. Acad. Sc. Hung. 15, 431–457 (1965).
Romieu, M., A. Stahl, and G. Cotte: Cytologie des cellules nerveuses de l’hypothalamus. Acta anat. 18, 74–79 (1953).
Sachs, H.: Vasopressin biosynthesis. Biochem. Biophys. Acta 34, 572–573 (1959).
Sachs, H.: Studies concerned with vasopressin biosynthesis. In: Regional neurochemistry, 265–273. London and New York: Pergamon Press, 1961.
Sachs, H., and Y. Takabatake: Evidence for a precursor in vasopressin biosynthesis. Endocrinology 75, 943–948 (1964).
Sano, Y., and A. Knoop: Elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen am kaudaulen neurosekretorischen System von Tinca vulgaris. Zschr. Zellforsch. 49, 464–492 (1959).
Sano, Y., G. Odake, and S. Taketomo: Fluorescence microscopic and electron microscopic observations on the tuberohypophyseal tract. Neuroendocrinology 2, 30–42 (1967).
Scharrer, B.: The role of neurosecretion in endocrine integration. In: Comparative endocrinology, 134–148. New York: J. Wiley, 1959.
Scharrer, E., and S. Brown: Neurosecretion. XII. The formation of neuro-secretory granules in the earthworm, Lumbricus terrestris L. Zschr. Zellforsch. 54, 530–540 (1961).
Scharrer, E., and B. Scharrer: Neurosekretion. In: V. Möllendorff’s Handb. d. mikr. Anat., VI/5. Berlin: Springer, 1954.
Scharrer, E., and G. Wittenstein: The effect of the interruption of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal neurosecretory pathway in the dog. Anat. Rec. 112, 387 (1952).
Schiebler, T. H.: Zur Histochemie des neurosekretorischen hypothalamischneurohypophysären Systems. Acta anat. 13, 233–255 (1951).
Schiebler, T. H.: Zur Histochemie des neurosekretorischen hypothalamischneurohypophysären Systems. Acta anat. 15, 393–416 (1952).
Seite, R., and A. Monneron: Effets du tricyanoaminopropène (TRIAP) sur les signes histologiques de l’activité neurosécrétrice de l’hypothalamus du Rat. C. R. Acad. Sci. 258, 6527–6529 (1964).
Seite, R., D. Picard, and J. Luciani: Effets précoces du choc cardiazolique sur les noyaux neurosécréteurs hypothalamiques chez le Chat. In: Progress in Brain Research 5, 171–190. Amsterdam: Elsevier Publ., 1964.
Shimizu, N., and S. Ishii: Electron microscopic observation of catecholaminecontaining granules in the hypothalamus and area postrema and their changes following reserpine injection. Arch. histol. japon. 24, 489–497 (1964).
Sloper, J. C.: Hypothalamic neurosecretion in the dog and cat, with particular reference to the identification of neurosecretory material with posterior lobe hormone. J. Anat. 89, 301–316 (1955).
Sloper, J. C.: Hypothalamo-neurohypophysial neurosecretion. Int. Rev. Cytol. 7, 337–389 (1958).
Sloper, J.C.: Hypothalamic neurosecretion. The validity of the concept of neurosecretion and its physiological and pathological implications. Brit. Med. Bull. 22, 209–215 (1966).
Sloper, J. C., and C. W. M. Adams: The hypothalamic elaboration of posterior pituitary principle in man. Evidence derived from hypophysectomy. J. Path. Bact. 72, 587–602 (1956).
Smaller, C. G.: Neurosecretory processes extending into third ventricle: secretory or sensory? Science 147, 882–884 (1965).
Soulairac, A., and M. L. Soulairac: Effet de l’acétazolamide sur la faim et la soif du rat. Modifications concomitantes des noyaux hypothalamiques et du cortex surrénal. Ann. endocr., Paris, 23, 723–731 (1962).
Soulairac, A., and M. L. Soalairac: Action de certains inhibiteurs de la L-DOPA/5 HTP décarboxylase sur la neurosécrétion hypothalamo-hypophysaire chez le Rat. C. R. Soc. Biol. 158, 1445–1447 (1964).
Stahl. A., G. Cotte, and R. Sette: Modifications cytologiques et cytochimiques des cellules neurosécrétoires de l’hypothalamus après perturbation expérimentale du métabolisme hydrique. (C. R. Assoc. Anat. 41e Réun., Gênes 1954.) In: Bull. Assoc. Anat. 85, 455–464 (1955).
Stutinsky, F.: Sur l’origine de la substance Gömöri-positive du complexe hypothalamo-hypophysaire. C. R. Soc. Biol. 145, 367–370 (1951 a).
Stutinsky, F.: Sur la substance Gömöri-positive du complexe hypothalamohypophysaire du rat. (C. R. Assoc. Anat., 38e Réun., Nancy 1951 b.) In: Bull. Assoc. Anat. 70, 942–950 (1952).
Stutinsky, F.: La neurosécrétion chez l’Anguille normale et hypophysectomisée. Zschr. Zellforsch. 39, 276–297 (1953).
Stutinsky, F., and J. J. Befort: Effets des stimulations électriques du diencéphale de Rana esculenta mâle. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 4, 370–379 (1964).
Stutinsky, F., and Y. Guerne: Effets des stimulations électriques hypothalamiques sur la pression artérielle du Rat. C. R. Soc. Biol. 159, 1420–1422 (1965).
Stutinsky, F., and A. Porte: Sur certaines inclusions neuronales chez lo Rat blanc. (C. R. Assoc. Anat., 49e Réun., Madrid 1964.) In: Bull. Assoc. Anat. 129, 1647–1652 (1965).
Suda, I., K. Koizumi, and C. Mc C. Brooks: Study of unitary activity in the supraoptic nucleus of the hypothalamus. Jap. J. Physiol. 13, 374–385 (1963).
Szentâgothai, J.: The parvicellular neurosecretory system. In: Progress in Brain Research 5, 135–146. Amsterdam: Elsevier Publ., 1964.
Takabatake, Y., and H. Sachs: Vasopressin biosynthesis. III. In vitro studies. Endocrinology 75, 934–941 (1964).
Talanti, S.: The effect of thiouracil and excess thyroxine on the hypothalamus of the rat, with special reference to neurosecretory phenomena. Zschr. Zellforsch. 79, 92–109 (1967).
Taxi, J.: Identification des fibres nerveuses adrénergiques par la méthode radioautographique dans quelques muscles lisses de Mammifères. (C. R. Assoc. Anat., 52e Réun. Paris-Orsay 1967.) In: Bull. Assoc. Anat. 139, 1132–1139 (1968).
Thoenen, H., J. P. Tranzer, A. Hürlimann., and W. Haefely: Untersuchungen zur Frage eines cholinergischen Gliedes in der postganglionären sympathischen Transmission. Heiv. Physiol. Acta 24, 229 246 (1966).
Tranzer, J. P., und H. Thoenen: Elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen am peripheren sympathischen Nervensystem der Katze: physiologische und pharmakologische Aspekte. (30. Tag. Dtsch. Pharmak. Gesellsch., Kiel 1966.) In: Naunyn-Schmiedebergs Arch. exper. Path. 257,73 (1967 a).
Tranzer, J..P, and H. Thoenen: Significance of “empty vesicles” in post-ganglionic sympathetic nerve terminals. Experientia, Basel, 23,123–124 (1967 b).
Uemura, H.: Effects of water deprivation on the hypothalamo-hypophysial neurosecretory system of the Grass Parakeet (Melopsittacus undulatus), Gen. Comp. Endocrin. 4, 193–198 (1964).
Uemura, H., and H. Kobayashi: Effects of prolonged daily photoperiods and estrogen on the hypothalamic neurosecretory system of the passerine bird, Zosterops palpebrosa japonica. Gen. Comp. Endocrin. 3, 253–264 (1963).
Van Dyke, H. B., K. Adamsons, and S. L. Engel: in: Heller, H.: The neurohypophysis. London: Butterworths 1957.
Verney, E. B.: The antidiuretic hormone and the factors which determine its release. Proc. Roy. Soc., London, Ser. B, 135, 25–106 (1947).
Vogt, M.: Vasopressor, antidiuretic and oxytocic activities of extracts of the dog’s hypothalamus. Brit. J. Pharmacol. exp. Chemother. 8, 193–196 (1953).
Vollrath, L.: Über die neurosekretorische Innervation der Adenohypophyse von Teleostiern, insbesondere von Hippocampus cuda and Tinca tinca. Zschr. Zellforsch. 78, 234–260 (1967).
Weiss, P.: Damming of axoplasm in constricted nerve: a sign of perpetual growth in nerve fibers. Anat. Rec. 88, 464 (1944).
Weiss, P., and H. B. Hiscoe: Experiments on the mechanism of nerve growth. J. Exper. Zool. 107, 315–395 (1948).
Welsh, J. H.: Neuroendocrine substances. In: Comparative Endocrinology, 121–133. New York: J. Wiley, 1959.
Wislocki, G. B., and E. W. Dempsey: The chemical cytology of the choroid plexus and blood brain barrier of the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta). J. Comp. Neurol. 88, 319–345 (1948).
Wolfson, A., and H. Kobayashi: Phosphatase activity and neurosecretion in the hypothalamo-hypophyseal system in relation to the photoperiodic gonadal response in Zonotrichia albicollis. Gen. Comp. Endocrin. suppl. 1, 168–179 (1962).
Wurster, D. H., and K. Benirschke: Development of the hypothalamohypophyseal neurosecretory system in the fetal Armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus), with notes on rabbit, cat and dog. Gen. Comp. Endocr. 4, 433–441 (1964).
Yagi, K., and H. A. Bern: Evidence for two kinds of neurosecretory fibers in the caudal neurosecretory system of Tilapia mossambica. Amer. Zool. 3, 508–509 (1963).
Yagi, K., and H. A. Bern: Electrophysiologic analysis of the response of the caudal neurosecretory system of Tilapia mossambica to osmotic manipulations. Gen. Comp. Endocr. 5, 509–526 (1965).
Zambrano, D., and E. de Robertis: The secretory cycle of supraoptic neurons in the rat. A structural-functional correlation. Zschr. Zellforsch. 73, 414–431 (1966).
Zambrano, D., and E. de Robertis: Ultrastructural aspects of the inhibition of neurosecretion by puromycin. Zschr. Zellforsch. 76, 458–470 (1967).
Zambrano, D., and J. Mordoh: Neurosecretory activity in supraoptic nucleus of normal rats. Zschr. Zellforsch. 73, 405–413 (1966).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1969 Springer-Verlag Wien
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Picard, D. (1969). The Neurosecretory Cell of Vertebrates. In: Kappers, J.A. (eds) Neurohormones and Neurohumors. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-25519-3_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-25519-3_2
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-662-23465-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-662-25519-3
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive