Zusammenfassung
Unter den synthetischen Morphinderivaten mit einem Dreiringsystem, den Benzomorphanen, spielt lediglich das Phenazocin eine gewisse Rolle als Opioidanalgetikum mit rein agonistischer Wirkung. Phenazocin ist etwa 3mal stärker wirksam als Morphin und kann oral, sublingual sowie parenteral appliziert werden.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Literatur
Abboud TK, Moore M, Zhu J, Murakawa K, Minehart M, Longhitano M, Terrasi J, Klepper ID, Choi Y, Kimball S, Chu G (1987) Epidural butorphanol or morphine for the relief of post-cesarean section pain: ventilatory responses to carbon dioxide. Anesth Analg 66:887–893.
Abboud TK, Zhu J, Gangolly J, Longhitano M, Swart F, Makar A, Chu G, Cool M, Mantilla M, Kurtz N, Reich L (1991) Transnasal butorphanol: a new method for pain relief in post-cesarean section pain. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 35:14–18.
Adriaensen H, Mattelaer B, Vanmeenen H (1985) A long-term open, clinical and pharmacokinetic assessment of sublingual buprenorphine in patients suffering from chronic pain. Acta Anaesthesiol Belg 36:33–40.
Alderman EL, Barry WH, Graham AF, Harrison DC (1972) Hemodynamic effects of morphine and pentazocine differ in cardiac patients. N Engl J Med 287:623–627.
Alon E, Krayer S, Hossli G (1984) Analgesie und Nebenwirkungen von Nalbuphin (Nubain) im Vergleich zu Morphin nach Hysterektomie. Anaesthesist 33:360–362.
Alon E, Atanasoff PG, Biro P (1992) Intravenöse postoperative Schmerzbehandlung mit Nalbuphin und Tramadol. Kombination von kontinuierlicher Infusion mit patientengesteuerter Applikation. Anaesthesist 41:83–87.
Agurell S, Boreus LO, Gordon E, Lindgren JE, Ehrnebo M, Lönroth U (1974) Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of pentazocine in patients: assay by mass fragmentography. J Pharm Pharmacol 26:1–8.
Bahar M, Rosen M, Vickers MD (1985) Self-administered nalbuphine, morphine and pethidine. Comparison, by intravenous route, following cholecystectomy. Anaesthesia 40:529–532.
Bailey PL, Clark NJ, Pace NL, Stanley TH, East KA, van Vreeswijk H, van de Pol P, Clissold MA (1987) Antagonism of postoperative opioid-induced respiratory depression: nalbuphine versus naloxone. Anesth Analg 66:1109–1114.
Beaver WT, Wallenstein SL, Houde RW, Rogers A (1969) A comparison of the analgesic effects of profadol and morphine in patients with cancer. Clin Pharmacol Ther 10:314–319.
Beaver WT, Feise GA, Robb D (1981) Analgesic effect of intramuscular and oral nalbuphine in postoperative pain. Clin Pharmacol Ther 29:174–180.
Bechstein WO, Mehler D, Kirchner E (1984) Akute respiratorische Insuffizienz nach intravenöser Buprenorphin-Gabe. Anästh Intensivmed 25:449–451.
Beckett AH, Taylor JF (1967) Blood concentrations of pethidine and pentazocine in mother and infant at time of birth. J Pharm Pharmacol 19 [Suppl]: 50S–52S.
Berkowitz BA, Asling JH, Shnider SM, Way EL (1969) Relationship of pentazocine plasma levels to pharmacological activity in man. Clin Pharmacol Ther 320-328.
Binder M, Mauritz W, Weindlmayr-Goettel M, Raimann H, Steinbereithner K (1990) Nalbuphin versus Fentanyl zur balancierten Anästhesie. Eur J Pain 11:43–48.
Boldt J, Kling D, v.Bormann B, Knoblauch K, Görlach G, Hempelmann G (1987) Meptazinol, ein neuartiges Analgetikum. Hämodynamische und respiratorische Effekte. Anaesthesist 36:622–628.
Bowdle TA, Greichen SL, Bjustrom RL, Schone RB (1987) Butorphanol improves CO2 response and ventilation after fentanyl anesthesia. Anesth Analg 66:517–522.
Brewster D, Humphrey HJ, McCleavy MA (1981) The systemic bioavailability of buprenorphine by various routes of administration. J Pharm Pharmacol 35:500–506.
Brewster D, Humphrey HJ, McLeavy MA (1981) Bilary excretion, metabolism and enterohepatic circulation of buprenorphine. Xenobiotica 11:189–196.
Brogden RN, Speight TM, Avery GS (1973) Pentazocine: a review of its pharmacological properties, therapeutic efficacy and dependence liability. Drugs 5:6–91.
Büttner W, Finke W, Schwanitz M, Pfisterer M (1990) Nalbuphin und Piritramid in der postoperativen Phase beim Kleinkind. Teil 1. Allgemeines Befinden. Anaesthesist 39:211–216.
Büttner M, Finke W, Schwanitz M (1990) Nalbuphin und Piritramid in der postoperativen Phase beim Kleinkind. Teil 2. Äußere Atmung. Anaesthesist 39:258–263.
Bullingham RES, McQuay HJ, Moore A, Bennett MRD (1980) Buprenorphine kinetics. Clin Pharmacol Ther 28:661–612.
Bullingham RES, McQuay HJ, Moore RA (1983) Clinical pharmacokinetics of narcotic agonist-antagonist drugs. Clin Pharmacokinet 8:332–343.
Camann WR, Loferski B, Fanciullo GJ, Stone ML, Datta S (1992) Does epidural administration of butorphanol offer any clinical advantage over the intravenous route? Anesthesiology 76:216–220.
Carl P, Crawford ME, Madsen NBB, Ravlo O, Bach V, Larsen AI (1987) Pain relief after major abdominal surgery: a double-blind controlled comparison of sublingual buprenorphine, intramuscular buprenorphine, and intramuscular meperidine. Anesth Analg 66:142–146.
Carroll D, Frankland T, Nagle C, McQuay H (1993) Oral bromfenac 10 and 25 mg compared with sublingual buprenorphine 0.2 and 0.4 mg for postoperative pain relief. Br J Anaesth 71:814–817.
Caruso FS (1986) Butorphanol: clinical analgesic studies. Adv Pain Res Ther 8:253–257.
Chraemmer Jorgensen B, Schmidt FJ, Hertel S, Banning AM, Risbo A (1988) Patient-controlled analgesic therapy by sublingual buprenorphine. Clin J Pain 4:75–79.
Cohen RI, Edwards WT, Kezer EA, Ferrari DA, Liland AE, Smith ER (1993) Serial intravenous doses of dezocine, morphine, and nalbuphine in the management of postoperative pain for outpatients. Anesth Analg 77:533–539.
Cool WM, Kurtz NM, Chu G (1990) Transnasal delivery of systemic drugs. Adv Pain Res Ther 14:241–258.
Curl JF, Smets MJW, van Egmond J (1990) The efficacy and safety of nalbuphine (NUBAIN) in balanced anesthesia. A double-blind comparison with fentanyl in gynecological and urological surgery. Acta Anaesthesiol Belg 41:261–267.
Dadabhoy ZP, Tapia DP, Zsigmond EK (1985) Transplacental transfer of nalbuphine in patients undergoing cesarean section. Anesthesiology 64:205.
Dejonckheere M, Levarlet M, D’Hollander A (1993) Intramuscular buprenorphine for pain relief after abdominal surgery: a comparison between on-demand and prophylactic administration. Eur J Anaesth 10:291–295.
Derbyshire DR, Vater M, Maile CID, Larsson IM, Aitkenhead AR, Smith G (1984) Non-parenteral postoperative analgesia. A comparison of sublingual buprenorphine and morphine sulphate (slow release) tablets. Anaesthesia 39:324–328.
Downing JW, Goodwin NM, Hicks J (1979) The respiratory depressive effect of intravenous buprenorphine in patients in an intensive care unit. S Afr Med J 55:1023–1027.
Dryden GE (1986) Voluntary respiratory effects of butorphanol and fentanyl following barbiturate induction: a double-blind study. J Clin Pharmacol 26:203–207.
Ellis R, Haines D, Shah R, Cotton BR, Smith G (1982) Pain relief after abdominal surgery — a comparison of i. m. morphine, sublingual buprenorphine and self-administered i. v. pethidine. Br J Anaesth 54:421–428.
Engineer S, Jennett S (1972) Respiratory depression following single and repeated doses of pentazocine and pethidine. Br J Anaesth 44:795–802.
Errick JK, Heel RC (1983) Nalbuphine. A preliminary review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic efficacy. Drugs 26:191–211.
Fähnrich J, Castelano C, Sturzenegger E, Stoll B, Uehlinger P, Geroulanos S (1990) Postoperative Analgesie mit Buprenorphin. Eine vergleichende Studie zwischen epidu-raler, patientenkontrollierter intravenöser und konventioneller subkutaner Applikation. Schmerz 4:201–206.
Finch JS (1980) Analgesic comparison of propiram fumarate with pentazocine, codeine and placebo in postsurgical pain. J Clin Pharmacol 20:689–692.
Fineman SP (1989) Long-term post-thoracotomy cancer pain management with interpleural bupivacaine. Anesth Analg 68:694–697.
Forrest WH, Brown CR, Shroff PF, Teutsch G (1972) Relative potency of propiram and morphine for analgesia in man. J Clin Pharmacol 12:440–448.
Frank M, McAteer EJ, Cattermole R, Loughnan B, Stafford LB, Hitchcock AM (1987) Nalbuphine for obstetric analgesia. A comparison of nalbuphine with pethidine for pain relief in labour when administered by patient-controlled analgesia (PCA). Anaesthesia 42:696–703.
Frater RAS, Moores MA, Parry P, Hanning CD (1989) Analgesia-induced respiratory depression: a comparison of meptazinol and morphine in the postoperative period. Br J Anaesth 63:260–265.
Fry ENS (1984) Postoperative analgesia: a technique using continuous infusion of buprenorphine. Anaesthesia 39:1134–1135.
Freye E, Ciaramelli F, Fournell A (1986) Nalbuphine versus pentazocine in postoperative pain after orthopaedic surgery — a double-blind study. Schmerz Pain Douleur 7:101–105.
Freye E, Helle G (1988) Der Agonist-Antagonist Nalbuphin verlängert die gastro-coekale Transitzeit und induziert kurzfristig Schmerzen nach Neuroleptanalgesie mit Fentanyl. Eine Vergleichsuntersuchung zu Plazebo. Anaesthesist 37:440–445.
Gal TJ, DiFazio CA, Moscicki J (1982) Analgesic and respiratory depressant activity of nalbuphine: a comparison with morphine. Anesthesiology 57:367–374.
Galloway FM, Varma S (1986) Double-blind comparison of intravenous dose of dezocine, butorphanol, and placebo for relief of postoperative pain. Anesth Analg 65:283–287.
Garfield JM, Garfield FB, Philips BK, Earls D, Roaf E (1987) A comparison of clinical and physiological effects of fentanyl and nalbuphine in ambulatory gynecologic patients. Anesth Analg 66:1303–1307.
Gepts E, Sonck WA, Camu F, Vercruysse A (1987) Pharmacokinetics of intravenously administered meptazinol during general anaesthesia in man. Eur J Anaesth 4:35–43.
Green DW, O’Connor L, Hanna M (1993) Efficacy of postoperative pain treatment regimens using both buprenorphine and papaveretum sequentially after abdominal hysterectomy. Br J Anaesth 70:626–630.
Greenbaum RA, Kaye G, Mason PD (1987) Experience with nalbuphine, a new opioid analgesic, in acute myocardial infarction. JR Soc Med 80:418–421.
Gundersen RY, Andersen R, Narverud G (1986) Postoperative pain relief with high-dose epidural buprenorphine: a double-blind study. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 30:664–667.
Hamunen K, Olkkola KT, Maunuksela EL (1993) Comparison of the ventilatory effects of morphine and buprenorphine in children. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 37:449–453.
Hand CW, Sear JW, Uppington J, Ball MJ, McQuay HJ, Moore RA (1990) Buprenorphine disposition in patients with renal impairment: single and continuous dosing, with special reference to metabolites. Br J Anaesth 64:276–282.
Hargreaves J, Kay B, Healy TEJ (1985) Meptazinol as an analgesic adjunct to total intravenous anaesthesia in cystoscopy patients. Anaesthesia 40:490–493.
Harmer M, Slattery PJ, Rosen M, Vickers MD (1983) Comparison between buprenor-phine and pentazocine given i. v. on demand in the control of postoperative pain. Br J Anaesth 55:21–25.
Harmer M, Slattery PJ, Rosen M, Vickers MD (1983) Intramuscular on demand analgesia: double blind controlled trial of pethidine, buprenorphine, morphine, and meptazinol. Br Med J 286:680–682.
Hayes MJ, Fraser AR, Hampton JR (1979) Randomized trial comparing buprenorphine and diamorphine for chest pain in suspected myocardial infarction. Br Med J 2:300–302.
Heel RC, Brogden RN, Speight TM, Avery GS (1979) Buprenorphine: a review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic efficacy. Drugs 17:81–110.
Hoffbrand BI, Turner P (eds) (1983) Clinical experience with injectable meptazinol — a new strong analgesic. Postgrad Med J 59 (Suppl 1): 1-94.
Holmes B, Ward A (1985) Meptazinol. A review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties and therapeutic efficacy. Drugs 30:285–312.
Hovell BC (1977) Comparison of buprenorphine, pethidine and pentazocine for the relief of pain after operation. Br J Anaesth 49:913–916.
Humphreys HK, Fleming W (1992) Opioid-induced spasms of the sphincter of Oddi apparently reversed by nalbuphine. Anesth Analg 74:308–310.
Jaffe RS, Moldenhauer CC, Hug CC, Finlayson DC, Tobia V, Kopel ME (1988) Nalbuphine antagonism of fentanyl-induced ventilatory depression: a randomized trial. Anesthesiology 68:254–260.
Jaillon P, Gardin ME, Lecocq B, Richard MO, Meignan S, Blondel Y, Grippat JC, Bergnieres J, Vergnoux O (1989) Pharmacokinetics of nalbuphine in infants, young healthy volunteers, and elderly patients. Clin Pharmacol Ther 46:226–233.
Jordan C, Lehane JR, Robson PJ, Jones JG (1979) A comparison of the respiratory effects of meptazinol, pentazocine and morphine. Br J Anaesth 51:497–502.
Juneja M, Ackerman WE, Heine MF, Cases-Cristobal V, Urella RP, Rigor BM (1992) Butorphanol for the relief of shivering associated with extradural anesthesia in parturients. J Clin Anesth 4:390–395.
Jurna I (1987) Buprenorphin (TemgesicR). Pharmakologie und klinische Anwendung. Schmerz 1:45–51.
Kaiko RF, Wallenstein SL, Rogers AG, Canel A, Jacobs B, Houde RW (1985) Intramuscular meptazinol and morphine in postoperative pain. Clin Pharmacol Ther 37:589–596.
Kallos T, Caruso FS (1979) Respiratory effects of butorphanol and pethidine. Anaesthesia 34:633–637.
Kamal RS, Khan FA, Khan FH (1990) Total intravenous anaesthesia with propofol and buprenorphine. Anaesthesia 45:865–870.
Kantor TG (1986) Pentazocine: clinical analgesic studies. Adv Pain Res Ther 8:241–245.
Kay NH (1983) Butorphanol tartrate. In: Bullingham RES (ed) Opiate analgesia. Saunders, London, pp 153–155.
Kay NH, Allen MC, Bullingham RES, Baldwin D, McQuay HJ, Moore RA, Price PK, Sear JW (1985) Influence of meptazinol on metabolic and hormonal responses following major surgery. A comparison with morphine. Anaesthesia 40:223–228.
Kay B, Healy TEJ, Bolder PM (1985) Blocking the circulatory responses to tracheal intubation. A comparison of fentanyl and nalbuphine. Anaesthesia 40:960–963.
Kay B (1986) Reduktion der Kreislaufreaktion of Trachealintubation — die Wirkung von Meptazinol. Anaesthesist 36:500–503.
Kay B, Krishnan A (1986) On-demand nalbuphine for post-operative pain relief. Acta Anaesthesiol Belg 37:33–37.
Keup W (1984) Zentral wirksame Analgetika: Mißbrauch als Drogen-Ersatzmittel. Dtsch Ärztebl 81:2561–2566.
Klepper ID, Rosen M, Vickers MD, Mapleson WW (1986) Respiratory function following nalbuphine and morphine in anaesthetized man. Br J Anaesth 58:625–629.
de Klerk G, Mattie H, Spierdijk J (1981) Comparative study on the circulatory and respiratory effects of buprenorphine and methadone. Acta Anaesthesiol Belg 32:131–139.
Knape JTA (1986) Early respiratory depression resistant to naloxone following epidural buprenorphine. Anesthesiology 64:382–384.
Knoche E, Dick W, Rummel C, Konietzke D (1988) Untersuchungen zur Qualität von Buprenorphin bzw. Morphin als Komponenten einer Kombinationsnarkose. Anaesthe-sist 37:57–64.
Korduba CA, Veals J, Radwanski E, Symchowicz S, Chung M (1981) Bioavailability of orally administered propiram fumarate in humans. J Pharm Sci 70:521–523.
Kubicki S, Neuhaus GA (Hrsg) (1981) Pentazocin im Spiegel der Erfahrungen. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York.
Lake CL, Duckworth EN, DiFazio CA, Magruder MR (1984) Cardiorespiratory effects of nalbuphine and morphine premedication in adult cardiac surgical patients. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 28:305–309.
Latasch L, Probst S, Dudziak R (1984) Reversal by nalbuphine of respiratory depression caused by fentanyl. Anesth Analg 63:814–816.
Latasch L, Christ R (1986) Opiatrezeptoren. Anaesthesist 35:55–65.
Lawhorn CD, McNitt JD, Fibuch EE, Joyce JT, Leadley RJ (1991) Epidural morphine with butorphanol for postoperative analgesia after cesarean delivery. Anesth Analg 72:53–57.
Lee G, DeMaria AN, Amsterdam EA, Realyvasquez E, Angel J, Morrison S, Mason DT (1976) Comparative effects of morphine, meperidine and pentazocine on cardiocirculatory dynamics in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Am J Med 60:949–955.
Lee G, Low RI, Amsterdam EA, DeMaria AN, Huber PW, Mason DT (1981) Hemodynamic effects of morphine and nalbuphine in acute myocardial infarction. Clin Pharmacol Ther 29:576–581.
Lee A, Drummond GB (1987) Ventilatory effects of meptazinol and pethidine in anesthetized patients. Br J Anaesth 59:1127–1133.
Lehmann KA, Tenbuhs B, Hoeckle W (1985) Postoperative On-Demand Analgesie mit Pentazocin (Fortral). Langenbecks Arch Chir 367:27–40.
Lehmann KA, Tenbuhs B (1986) Patient-controlled analgesia with nalbuphine, a new narcotic agonist-antagonist for the treatment of postoperative pain. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 31:267–276.
Lehmann KA, Gördes B (1988) Postoperative On-Demand Analgesie mit Buprenorphin. Anaesthesist 37:65–70.
Lehmann KA, Reichling U, Wirtz R (1988) Influence of naloxone on the postoperative analgesic and respiratory effects of buprenorphine. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 34:343–352.
Lehmann KA, Grond S, Freier J, Zech D (1991) Postoperative pain management and respiratory depression after thoracotomy: a comparison of intramuscular piritramide and intravenous patient-controlled analgesia using fentanyl or buprenorphine. J Clin Anesth 3:194–201.
Lehmann KA, Huttarsch H, Schroeder B, Zech D (1992) Entwicklung eines kontinuierlichen Monitorings der Spontanatmung in der postoperativen Phase. Teil 2. Kutane Sauerstoff-und Kohlendioxidpartialdrücke nach i. v. Bolusapplikation von Fentanyl, Buprenorphin, Naloxon und Amiphenazol bei gesunden Versuchspersonen. Anaesthesist 41:192–198.
Lehmann KA, Krauskopf KH (1992) Intraoperative Wachzustände bei balanzierter Anästhesie. Literaturüberblick anhand einer randomisierten Doppelblindstudie mit Fentanyl, Pentazocin und Ketamin. Anaesthesist 41:373–385.
Lipp M, Daubländer M, Lanz E (1987) Buprenorphin 0.15 mg intrathekal zur postoperativen Analgesie. Eine klinische Doppelblindstudie. Anaesthesist 36:233–238.
Maunuksela EL, Korpela R, Olkkola KT (1988) Double-blind, multiple dose comparison of buprenorphine and morphine in postoperative pain of children. Br J Anaesth 60:48–55.
McCammon RL, Stoelting RK, Madura JA (1984) Effects of butorphanol, nalbuphine, and fentanyl on intrabilary tract dynamics. Anesth Analg 63:139–142.
Mitterschiffthaler G, Theiner A, Wieser G, Luger TJ, Morawetz RF (1990) Nalbuphin im Vergleich zu Pethidin zur postoperativen Schmerztherapie. Anaesth Intensivther Notfallmed 25:39–43.
Moa G, Zetterström H (1990) Sublingual buprenorphine as postoperative analgesic: a double-blind comparison with pethidine. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 34:68–71.
Moldenhauer CC, Roach GW, Finlayson DC, Hug CC, Kopel ME, Tobia V, Kelly S (1985) Nalbuphine antagonism of ventilatory depression following high-dose fentanyl anesthesia. Anesthesiology 62:647–650.
Molke Jensen F, Jensen NH, Holk IK, Ravnborg M (1987) Prolonged and biphasic respiratory depression following epidural buprenorphine. Anaesthesia 42:470–475.
Moores MA, Frater R, Parry P, Hanning CD (1988) Double-blind comparison of the efficacy and safety of single doses of meptazinol as a suppository and morphine by i. m. injection. Br J Anaesth 60:542–546.
Morrison CE, Dutton D, Howie H, Gilmour H (1987) Pethidine compared with meptazinol during labour. A prospective randomized double-blind study with 1100 patients. Anaesthesia 42:7–14.
Neal EA, Meffin PJ, Gregory PB, Blaschke TF (1979) Enhanced bioavailability and decreased clearance of analgesics in patients with cirrhosis. Gastroenterology 77:96–102.
Nicholas ADG, Robson PJ (1982) Double-blind comparison of meptazinol and pethidine in labour. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 89:318–322.
Nimmo WS, Todd JG, Vogel J (1986) Effect of meptazinol on drug absorption and gastric emptying. Eur J Anaesth 3:295–298.
Orwin JM (1977) The effect of doxapram on buprenorphine respiratory depression. Acta Anaesthesiol Belg 28:93–106.
Ouchi K, Takeda K, Matsuno S (1991) Efficacy of patient-controlled analgesia for management of pain after abdominal operations. Tohoku J Exp Med 165:193–199.
Palacios QT, Jones MM, Hawkins JL, Adenwala JN, Longmire S, Hess KR, Skjonsby BS, Morrow DH, Joyce TH (1991) Post-caesarean section analgesia: a comparison of epidural butorphanol and morphine. Can J Anaesth 28:24–30.
Paymaster NJ (1977) Analgesia after operation. A controlled comparison of meptazinol, pentazocine and pethidine. Br J Anaesth 49:1139–1146.
Pedersen JE, Chraemmer-Jorgensen B, Schmidt JF, Risbo A (1986) Peroperative buprenorphine: do high dosages shorten analgesia postoperatively? Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 30:660–663.
Pelzer V, Pfeil A (1989) Einfluß von Analgesie und Anästhesie in der Geburtshilfe auf den Fetus und das Neugeborene. Gynäkologe 22:124–131.
Philip BK, Scott DA, Freiberger D, Gibbs RR, Hunt C, Murray E (1991) Butorphanol compared with fentanyl in general anaesthesia for ambulatory laparoscopy. Can J Anaesth 38:183–186.
Piepenbrock S, Zenz M, Gorus R, Link J, Reinhart K (1983) Buprenorphin und Pentazocin zur postoperativen Analgesic Eine Doppelblindstudie nach Baucheingriffen. Anaesthesist 32:601–609.
Pittman KA, Smyth RD, Mayol RF (1980) Serum levels of butorphanol by radioimmu-noassay. J Pharm Sci 69:160–163.
Pond SM, Tong T, Benowitz NL, Jacob P (1980) Enhanced bioavailability of pethidine and pentazocine in patients with cirrhosis of the liver. Aust NZ J Med 10:515–519.
Popio KA, Jackson DH, Ross AM, Schreiner BF, Yu PN (1978) Hemodynamic and respiratory effects of morphine and butorphanol. Clin Pharmacol Ther 23:281–287.
Portenoy RK, Foley KM (1986) Chronic use of opioid analgesics in non-malignant pain: report of 38 cases. Pain 25:171–186.
Pugh CC, Drummond GB (1987) A dose-response study with nalbuphine hydrochloride for pain in patients after upper abdominal surgery. Br J Anaesth 59:1356–1363.
Pugh GC, Drummond GB, Elton RA, Macintyre CCA (1987) Constant i. v. infusions of nalbuphine or buprenorphine for pain after abdominal surgery. Br J Anaesth 59:1364–1374.
Radke J, Turner E, Kettler D (1990) Pentazocin. Schmerz 4:218–222.
Radnay PA, Duncalf D, Novakovich M, Lesser ML (1984) Common bile duct pressure changes after fentanyl, morphine, meperidine, butorphanol, and naloxone. Anesth Analg 63:441–444.
Ramsay JG, Higgs BD, Wynands JE, Robbins R, Townsend GE (1985) Early extubation after high-dose fentanyl anaesthesia for aortocoronary bypass surgery: reversal of respiratory depression with low-dose nalbuphine. Can Anaesth Soc J 32:597–606.
Rance MJ (1979) Animal and molecular pharmacology of mixed agonist-antagonist analgesic drugs. Br J Clin Pharmacol 7:281S–286S.
Rao U, Campbell IT, Catley DM, Sutherst JR (1985) Epidural meptazinol for pain relief after lower abdominal surgery. Anaesthesia 40:754–758.
Rawal N, Wennhager M (1990) Influence of perioperative nalbuphine and fentanyl on postoperative respiration and analgesia. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 34:197–202.
von Rechenberg H, Knoch M, Konder H, Lennartz H (1986) Hämodynamische Einflüsse von Nalbuphin bei Patienten mit akuter respiratorischer Insuffizienz. Anaes-thesist 35:103–107.
Ridley SA, Matthews NC, Dixon J (1986) Meptazinol versus pethidine for postoperative pain relief in children. Anaesthesia 41:263–267.
Risbo A, Jorgensen BC, Kolby P, Pedersen J, Schmidt JF (1985) Sublingual buprenorphine for premedication and postoperative pain relief in orthopaedic surgery. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 29:180–182.
Ritschel WA (1982) Pharmacokinetic aspects of analgesics. Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol 4:479–487.
Robbie DS (1979) A trial of sublingual buprenorphine in cancer pain. Br J Clin Pharmacol 7 (Suppl 3):315–317.
Romagnoli A, Keats AS (1980) Ceiling effect for respiratory depression by nalbuphine. Clin Pharmacol Ther 27:478–485.
Rose U, Attar Z (1992) Interpleurales Bupivacain und parenterales Opioid zur postoperativen Analgesic Eine vergleichende Studie. Anaesthesist 41:53–57.
Rosow CE (1985) Newer synthetic opioid analgesics. In: Smith G, Covino BG (eds) Acute Pain. Butterworths, London, pp 68–103.
Rosow C (1989) Agonist-antagonist opioids: theory and clinical practice. Can J Anaesth 36:S5–S8.
Schäffer J, Piepenbrock S, Niekrens E, Panning B (1988) Nalbuphin im Vergleich mit Piritramid und Plazebo zur postoperativen Schmerztherapie nach Intubationsnarkosen mit Halothan. Anaesthesist 37:238–245.
Schaer H, Baasch K, Achtari R (1986) Nalbuphin nach Enfluran oder Fentanyl — Wirkungen auf Kreislauf und Atmung. Anaesthesist 35:478–484.
Schaer H, Baasch K, Achtari R (1987) Nalbuphin nach Fentanyl. Postoperative Analgesie. Anaesthesist 36:166–171.
Schaer H, Baasch K, Achtari R (1990) Die Antagonisierung von Flunitrazepam und Fentanyl mit Flumazenil, Naloxon oder Nalbuphin. Anaesthesist 39:26–32.
Schmidt WK, Tarn WS, Shotzberger GS, Smith DH, Clark R, Vernier VG (1985) Nalbuphine. Drug Alcohol Depend 14:339–362.
Schmucker P, van Ackern K, Franke N, Noisser H, Militzer H, Peter K, Kreuzer E, Türk R (1980) Hämodynamische und respiratorische Effekte von Pentazocin. Untersuchungen an kardio-chirurgischen Patienten. Anaesthesist 29:475–480.
Scott DHT, Arthur R, Scott DB (1980) Haemodynamic changes following buprenorphi-ne and morphine. Anaesthesia 35:957–961.
Sear JW, Keegan M, Kay B (1987) Disposition of nalbuphine in patients undergoing general anaesthesia. Br J Anaesth 59:572–575.
Shah M, Rosen M, Vickers MD (1984) Effect of premedication with diazepam, morphine or nalbuphine on gastrointestinal motility after surgery. Br J Anaesth 56:1235–1238.
Sheikh A, Tunstall ME (1986) Comparative study of meptazinol and pethidine for the relief of pain in labour. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 93:264–269.
Slattery PJ, Harmer M, Rosen M, Vickers MD (1982) Naloxone reversal of meptazinol-induced respiratory depression. Anaesthesia 37:1163–1166.
Sorge J, Steffmann B, Lehmkuhl C, Pichlmayr I (1991) Opioidanalgetika bei „nichtmalignen“ Schmerzen — Langzeitbehandlungsergebnisse bei Patienten mit rheumatischen Beschwerden. Schmerz 5:60–66.
Stambaugh JE (1982) Evaluation of nalbuphine: efficacy and safety in the management of chronic pain associated with advancedmalignancy. Curr Ther Res 31:393–400.
Sunshine A, Axtmayer R, Olson NZ, Laska E, Ramos I (1988) Analgesic efficacy of pentazocine versus a pentazocine-naloxone combination following oral administration. Clin J Pain 4:35–40.
Tammisto T, Tigerstedt I (1977) Comparison of the analgesic effects of intravenous nalbuphine and pentazocine in patients with postoperative pain. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 21:390–394.
de Thibault de Boesinghe L (1978) Double-blind study of the analgesic effect of nefopam hydrochloride (AcupanR) and pentazocine (FortralR) in cancer patients with pain. Curr Ther Res 24:646–655.
Tipping T, Kay NH, Sear JW, McQuay HJ (1990) Meptazinol disposition following extradural injection: plasma and CSF concentrations. Eur J Anaesth 7:381–388.
Trotter TN, Rowbotham DJ, Windram I, Mushambi MC (1991) Effect of sublingual buprenorphine on gastric emptying of a liquid meal. Br J Anaesth 67:748–750.
Vaughan DP, Beckett AH, Robbie DS (1976) The influence of smoking on the intersubject variation in pentazocine elimination. Br J Clin Pharmacol 3:279–283.
Verborgh C, van der Auwera D, Camu F (1987) Meptazinol for postoperative pain relief in man. Comparison of extradural and i. m. administration. Br J Anaesth 59:1134–1139.
Verschraegen R, Bogaert M, Rosseel MT, Roily G (1976) Clinical use of meptazinol. Acta Anaesthesiol Belg 27:139–149.
Vincenti E (1990) Sublingual opiates in acute pain. Adv Pain Res Ther 14:227–231.
Wallenstein SL, Rogers AG, Kaiko RF, Houde RW (1986) Nalbuphine: clinical analgesic studies. Adv Pain Res Ther 8:247–252.
Weiss BM, Schmidt ER, Gattiker RI (1991) Comparison of nalbuphine and fentanyl anesthesia for coronary artery bypass surgery. Hemodynamics, hormonal response, and postoperative respiratory depression. Anesth Analg 73:521–529.
Wetchler BV, Alexander CD, Hull MA (1992) Transnasal butorphanol tartrate for pain control following ambulatory surgery. Curr Ther Res 52:571–580.
Wilkinson DJ, O’Connor SA, Dickson GR, Drake HF (1985) Meptazinol-a cause of respiratory depression in general anaesthesia. Br J Anaesth 57:1077–1084.
Witjes WPJ, Crul BJP, Vollhaard EJ, Joosten HJM, v. Egmond J (1992) Application of sublingual buprenorphine in combination with naproxen or paracetamol for postoperative pain relief in cholecystectomy patients in a double-blind study. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 36:323–327.
Wittels B, Glosten B, Faure EAM, Moawad AH, Ismail M, Hibbard J, Amundsen L, Binstock W, Senal JA, Cox SM, Blackman SC, Karl L, Thisted RA (1993) Opioid antagonist adjuncts to epidural morphine for postcesarean analgesia: maternal outcomes. Anesth Analg 77:925–932.
Woods MP, Rayburn WF, Mclntosh DG, Scott JC, Smith ML, Anderson JR (1991) Nalbuphine after major gynecologic surgery. Comparison of patient-controlled analgesia and intramuscular injections. J Reprod Med 36:647–650.
Yukioka H, Bogod DG, Rosen M (1987) Recovery of bowel motility after surgery. Detection of time to first flatus from carbon dioxide concentration and patient estimate after nalbuphine and placebo. Br J Anaesth 59:581–584.
Yukioka H, Rosen M, Evans KT, Leach KG, Hayward MWJ, Saggu GS (1987) Gastric emptying and small bowel transit times in volunteers after intravenous morphine and nalbuphine. Anaesthesia 42:704–710.
Zenz M, Strumpf M, Tryba M (1992) Long-term oral opioid therapy in patients with chronic nonmalignant pain. J Pain Symptom Manage 7:69–77.
Zinck B, Fritz KW (1982) Atemdepression nach epiduraler Opiat-Analgesie mit Buprenorphin-Hydrochlorid? Anaesth Intensivther Notfallmed 17:345–347.
Zsigmond EK, Durrani Z, Barabas E, Wang XY, Tran L (1987) Endocrine and hemodynamic effects of antagonism of fentanyl-induced respiratory depression by nalbuphine. Anesth Analg 66:421–426.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1994 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Lehmann, K.A. (1994). Opioidagonist-Antagonisten: Spezielle Pharmakologie. In: Lehmann, K.A. (eds) Der postoperative Schmerz. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-21762-7_15
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-21762-7_15
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-662-21763-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-662-21762-7
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive