Abstract
Any solid-state laser operating in either cw or pulsed mode of operation must dissipate an appreciable amount of heat. The heat arises because:
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1.
The energy difference between the pump bands and the fluorescence energy levels is lost to the host lattice through radiationless transitions;
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2.
the quantum efficiency of the fluorescence processes involved in the laser transitions is less than unity, therefore some of the photon lose their total energy to the host lattice;
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3.
the spectral distribution of the pump light is such that there is considerable absorption by the host directly, mainly in the ultraviolet and infrared bands, in which case all energy in those spectral regions is converted into heat.
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Koechner, W. (1988). Heat Removal. In: Solid-State Laser Engineering. Springer Series in Optical Sciences, vol 1. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-15143-3_7
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