Abstract
Although the main concern of this book is transmission electron microscopy, the functions and limits of the other types of electron microscopes are also mentioned in this introductory chapter to show the advantages and disadvantages of their various imaging techniques. Several types of electron microscopes and analysing instruments capable of furnishing an “image” can be distinguished. We now examine these briefly, in turn, without considering the historical sequence in which these instruments were developed. In these background sections, references are restricted to review articles and books.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Emission, Reflection and Mirror Electron Microscopy
H. Düker: Emissions-Elektronenmikroskope. Acta Phys. Austriaca 18, 232 (1964).
G. Möllenstedt, F. Lenz: Electron emission microscopy. Adv. Electron. Electron Phys. 18, 251 (1963).
L. Wegmann: “Photoemissions-Elektronenmikroskopie,” in Handbuch der zerstörungsfreien Materialprüfung, ed. by E.A.W. Müller (Oldenbourg, München 1969) R.31, 1; Mikroskopie 26, 99 (1970); Optik 26, 99 (1970).
L. Wegmann: The photoemission electron microscope, its technique and applications. J. Micr. 96, 1 (1972).
O.H. Griffith, G.H. Lescn, G.F. Rempfer, G.B. Birrel, C.A. Stafford, P.C. Jost, T.B. Mariott: Photoelectron microscopy: a new approach to mapping organic and biological surfaces. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 69, 551 (1972).
S. Grund, W. Engel, P. Teufel: Photoelektronen-Emissionsmikroskop und Immunofluoreszenz. J. Ultrastruct. Res. 50, 284 (1975).
E. Ruska, H.O. Müller: Über Fortschritte bei der Abbildung elektronenbestrahlter Oberflächen. Z. Phys. 116, 366 (1940).
C. Fert: Observation directe des surfaces en microscopie électronique par reflexion. Optik 13, 378 (1956).
V.E. Cosslett, D. Jones: A reflexion electron microscope. J. Sci. Instrum. 32, 86 (1955).
C. Fert: “Observation directe de la surface d’un échantillon massif en microscopie électronique,” in [Ref.1.57, Vol.1] p.277.
W. Stenzel: “Eine Fünfelektroden-Filterlinse für Reflexions-Elektronenmikroskope,” in Electron Microscopy 1968, Vol.1, ed. by D.S. Bocciarelli (Tipografia Poliglotta Vaticana, Rome 1968) p.115.
A.B. Bok: “Mirror Electron Microscopy: Theory and Applications,” in [Ref.1.32], p.655.
A.B. Bok, J.B. Le Poole, J. Roos, H. DeLang, H. Bethge, J. Heydenreich, M.E. Barnett: “Mirror Electron Microscopy,” in Advances in Optical and Electron Microscopy, Vol.4, ed. by R. Barer, V.E. Cosslett (Academic, New York 1971) p. 161.
G.V. Spivak, V.P. Ivannikov, A.E. Luk’yanov, E.I. Rau: Development of scanning mirror electron microscopy for quantitative evaluation of electric microfields. J. Microsc. Spectrosc. Electron 3, 89 (1978).
J. Witzani, E.M. Hörl: Scanning electron mirror microscopy. Scanning 4, 53 (1980).
Scanning Electron Microscopy and X-Ray Microanalysis
C.W. Oatley, W.C. Nixon, R.F.W. Pease: Scanning electron microscopy. Adv. Electron. Electron Phys. 21, 181 (1965).
C.W. Oatley: Scanning Electron Microscopy I. The Instrument (University Press, Cambridge 1972).
D.B. Holt, M.D. Muir, P.R. Grant, I.M. Boswarva (eds.): Quantitative Scanning Electron Microscopy (Academic, London 1974).
O.C. Wells: Scanning Electron Microscopy (McGraw-Hill, New York 1974).
J.I. Goldstein, H. Yakowitz: Practical Scanning Electron Microscopy (Plenum, New York 1975).
L. Reimer, G. Pfefferkorn: Raster-Elektronenmikroskopie, 2nd ed. (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York 1977).
F. Maurice, L. Meny, R. Tixier (eds.): Microanalyse et Microscopie Electronique à Balayage (Les Editions de Physique, Orsay 1978) [English transi.: Microanalysis and Scanning Electron Microscopy, 1979].
J.I. Goldstein, D.E. Newbury, P. Echlin, D.C. Joy, C. Fiori, E. Lifshin: Scanning Electron Microscopy and X-Ray Microanaylsis (Plenum, New York 1981).
S.J.B. Reed: Electron Microprobe Analysis (University Press, Cambridge 1975).
K.F.J. Heinrich: Electron Beam X-Ray Microanalysis (Van Nostrand, New York 1981).
P. Lechene, R.R. Warner (eds.): Microbeam Analysis in Biology (Academic, New York 1979).
M.A. Hayat (ed.): X-Ray Microanalysis in Biology (McMillan, London 1981).
T.E. Hutchinson, A.B. Somlyo: Microprobe Analysis of Biological Systems (Academic, New York 1981).
O. Johari (ed.): Scanning Electron Microscopy 1968–1977 (IIT Research Institute, Chicago); 1978 and following years (SEM Inc., AMF O’Hare).
G. Pfefferkorn (ed.): Beiträge zur elektronenmikroskopischen Direktabbildung von Oberflächen, Vol.1 (1968) and following years (Remy, Münster).
W.C. Nixon (ed.): Scanning Electron Microscopy: Systems and Applications (The Institute of Physics, London 1973).
Transmission Electron Microscopy (for electron optics see [2.4-7]
S. Amelinckx, R. Gevers, G. Remaut, J. Van Landuyt: Modern Diffraction and Imaging Techniques in Material Science (North-Holland, Amsterdam 1970) 2nd ed. in 2 Vols., published in 1978.
W. Baumeister, W. Vogell (eds.): Electron Microscopy at Molecular Dimensions (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York 1980).
H. Bethge, J. Heydenreich (eds.): Elektronenmikroskopie in der Festkörperphysik (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York 1982).
O. Brümmer, J. Heydenreich, K.H. Krebs, H.G. Schneider (eds.): Handbuch Festkörperanalyse mit Elektronen, Ionen und Röntgenstrahlen (Vieweg, Braunschweig 1980).
J.M. Cowley: Diffraction Physics, 2nd ed. (North-Holland, Amsterdam 1981).
I. Dietrich: Superconducting Electron-Optical Devices (Plenum, New York 1976).
J.R. Fryer: The Chemical Applications of Transmission Electron Microscopy (Academic, London 1979).
P. Goodman (ed.): Fifty Years of Electron Diffraction (Reidel, Dordrecht 1981).
P. Grivet: Electron Optics II: Instruments (translated by P.W. Hawkes) (Pergamon, Oxford 1972).
P.J. Grundy, G.A. Jones: Electron Microscopy in the Study of Materials (Edwards Arnold, London 1976).
P.W. Hawkes (ed.): Image Processing and Computer-Aided Design in Electron Optics (Academic, London 1973).
P.W. Hawkes (ed.): Computer Processing of Electron Microscope Images, Topics Curr. Phys., Vol.13 (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York 1980).
P.W. Hawkes: Electron Optics and Electron Microscopy (Taylor & Francis, London 1972).
R.D. Heidenreich: Fundamentals of Transmission Electron Microscopy (Wiley, New York 1964).
M. von Heimendahl: Einführung in die Elektronenmikroskopie (Vieweg, Braunschweig 1970).
P.B. Hirsch, A. Howie, R.B. Nicholson, D.W. Pashley, M.J. Whelan: Electron Microscopy of Thin Crystals (Butterworths, London 1965).
F. Hornbogen: Durchstrahlungselektronenmikroskopie fester Stoffe (Chemie, Weinheim 1971).
W. Hoppe, R. Mason (eds.): Unconventional electron microscopy for molecular structure determination. Adv. Struct. Res. Diffr. Methods 7 (1979).
J.J. Hren, J.I. Goldstein, D. Joy: Introduction to Analytical Electron Microscopy (Plenum, New York 1979).
H.E. Huxley, A. Klug: New developments in electron microscopy. Philos. Trans. Roy. Soc. B261, 1–230 (1971).
B. Jouffrey (ed.): Methodes et Techniques Nouvelles d’Observation en Métallurgie Physique (Societe Francaise du Microscopie Electronique, Paris 1972).
D.H. Kay: Techniques for Electron Microscopy, 2nd ed. (Blackwell, Oxford 1965).
J.K. Koehler (ed.): Advanced Techniques in Biological Electron Microscopy (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York 1973); Specific Ultrastructural Problems (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York 1978).
R.H. Lange, J. Blödorn: Das Elektronenmikroskop, TEM + REM (Thieme, Stuttgart 1981).
M.H. Loretto, R.E. Smellman: Defect Analysis in Electron Microscopy (Chapman and Hall, London 1975).
C. Magnan (ed.): Traité de microscopie electronique, Vols.1,2 (Herman, Paris 1961).
G.A. Meek: Practical Electron Microscopy for Biologists, 2nd ed. (Wiley, London 1976).
D.L. Misell: Image Analysis, Enhancement and Interpretation (North-Holland, Amsterdam 1970).
D.C. Pease: Historical Techniques for Electron Microscopy, 2nd ed. (Academic, New York 1964).
J. Picht, J. Heydenreich: Einführung in die Elektronenmikroskopie (VEB Verlag Technik, Berlin 1966).
L. Reimer: Elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungs-und Präparationsmethoden, 2nd ed. (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York 1967).
E. Ruska: Die frühe Entwicklung der Elektronenlinsen und der Elektronenmikroskopie. Acta Historica Leopoldina 12 (Barth, Leipzig 1979); The early development of electron lenses and electron microscopy. Microsc. Acta Suppl. 5 (1980).
W.O. Saxton: Computer Techniques for Image Processing in Electron Microscopy (Academic, New York 1978).
G. Schimmel: Elektronenmikroskopische Methodik (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York 1969).
B.M. Siegel (ed.): Modern Developments in Electron Microscopy (Academic, New York 1964).
B.M. Siegel, D.R. Beaman (eds.): Physical Aspects of Electron Microscopy and Microbeam Analysis (Wiley, New York 1975).
F.S. Sjöstrand: Electron Microscopy of Cells and Tissues I. Instrumentation and Techniques (Academic, New York 1967).
J.C.H. Spence: Experimental High-Resolution Electron Microscopy (University Press, Oxford 1981).
G. Thomas: Transmission Electron Microscopy of Metals (Wiley, New York 1962).
G. Thomas, J. Washburn: Electron Microscopy and Strength of Crystals (Interscience, New York 1963).
G. Thomas, M.J. Goringe: Transmission Electron Microscopy of Metals (Wiley, New York 1979).
J.N. Turner (ed.): Methods in Cell Biology, Vol.22, Three-Dimensional Ultrastructure in Biology (Academic, New York 1981).
U. Valdrè: Electron Microscopy in Material Science (Academic, New York 1971).
U. Valdré, E. Ruedl (eds.): Electron Microscopy in Materials Science, Part I-IV (Commission of the European Communities, Brussels 1975).
V.E. Cosslett, R. Barer (eds.): Advances in Optical and Electron Microscopy, Vol.1 (Academic, London 1966) series continued.
A.M. Glauert (ed.): Practical Methods in Electron Microscopy (North-Holland, Amsterdam 1972) series continued.
J.D. Griffiths (ed.): Electron Microscopy in Biology, Vol.1 (Wiley, New York 1981) series continued.
A.M. Hayat: Principles and Techniques of Electron Microscopy (Van Nostrand, New York 1970).
Conferences
Proc. Annual Meeting of EMSA (Electron Microscopy Society of America) (Claitor’s Publ. Div., Baton Rouge, L0 1967 and following years).
Proc. EMAG (Electron Microscope Analysis Group, UK); Electron Microscopy and Analysis (Institute of Physics, London 1971); Developments in Electron Microscopy and Analysis 1975 (Academic, London 1976); Meetings of 1977, 1979 and 1981 (Institute of Physics, London).
Electron Microscopy. Proc. Stockholm Conference 1956, ed. by F.J. Ströstrand, J. Rhodin (Almqvist and Wiksells, Stockholm 1957).
Proc. Europ. Reg. Conf. on Electron Microscopy, Delft, Vols.1,2, ed. by A.L. Houwink, B.J. Spit (Nederlandse Vereniging voor Electronenmicroscopie, Delft 1960).
Electron Microscopy 1964, Proc. 3rd Europ. Reg. Conf., Vols.A, B, ed. by M. Titlbach (Czechoslovak Acad. Sci., Prague 1964).
Electron Microscopy 1968, Vols.1,2, ed. by D.S. Bocciarelli (Tipografia Poliglotta Vaticana, Rome 1968).
Electron Microscopy 1972, Proc. 5th Europ. Congr. Electron Microscopy, Manchester (Institute of Physics, London 1972).
Electron Microscopy 1976, Proc. 6th Europ. Congr. Electron Microscopy, Jerusalem, Vol.1, ed. by D.G. Brandon, Vol.2, ed. by Y. Ben Shaul (Tal International, Jerusalem 1976).
Electron Microscopy 1980, Proc. 7th Europ. Congr. Electron Microscopy, The Hague, Vols.1-4, ed. by P. Brederoo et al. (Seventh European Congress on Electron Microscopy Foundation, Leiden 1980).
International Congresses on Electron Microscopy
Comptes Rendus du Premier Congrès International de Microscopie Electronique, Paris 1950, Revue d’Optique Théorique et Instrumentale, Paris (1953).
Proc. 3rd Intern. Conf. Electron Microscopy, London 1954, ed. by R. Ross (Royal Microscopical Soc, London 1956).
Vierter Internationaler Kongreß für Elektronenmikroskopie, Berlin 1958, Vols.1,2, ed. by W. Bargmann et al. (Springer, Berlin, Göttingen, Heidelberg 1960).
Electron Microscopy 1962, 5th Intern. Congr. Electron Microscopy, Philadelphia 1962, Vols.1,2, ed. by S.S. Breese (Academic, New York 1962).
Electron Microscopy 1966, 6th Intern. Congr. Electron Microscopy, Vols.1,2, ed. by R. Uyeda (Maruzen, Tokyo 1966).
Microscopie Electronique 1970, Grenoble, Vols.1,2,3, ed. by P. Favard (Société Francaise de Microscopie Electronique, Paris 1970).
Electron Microscopy 1974, Canberra, Vols.1,2, ed. by J.V. Sanders, D.J. Goodchild (Australian Acad. Sci., Canberra 1974).
Electron Microscopy 1978, Toronto, Vols.1,2,3, ed. by J.M. Sturgess (Microscopical Soc. Canada, Toronto 1978).
Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy
R.E. Bürge, M.T. Browne, S. Lackovic, J.F.L. Ward: “STEM Imaging at High Resolution: the Influence of Detector Geometry,” in Scanning Electron Microscopy 1979/I, ed. by O. Johari (SEM Inc., AMF O’Hare 1979) p.127.
A.V. Crewe: The current state of high resolution scanning electron microscopy. Q. Rev. Biophys. 3, 137 (1970).
A.V. Crewe: Scanning transmission electron microscopy. J. Micr. 100, 247 (1974).
High Voltage Electron Microscopy (for HVEM conferences see [4.47-51]
V.E. Cosslett: Current developments in high voltage electron microscopy J. Micr. 100, 233 (1974).
V.E. Cosslett: “Recent Progress in High Voltage Electron Microscopy,” in [Ref.1.32], p.341.
G. Dupouy: “Electron Microscopy at Very High Voltages,” in Advances in Optical and Electron Microscopy, Vol.2, ed. by R. Barer, V.E. Cosslett (Academic, New York 1966).
G. Dupouy: Advantages of megavolt electron microscopy in biological research. Ultramicroscopy 2, 199 (1977).
R.M. Fisher, T. Imura: New applications and extensions of the unique advantages of HVEM for physical and materials research. Ultramicroscopy 3, 3 (1978).
M.V. King, D.F. Parsons, J.N. Turner, B.B. Chang, A.J. Ratkowski: Progress in applying the high voltage electron microscopy to biomedical research. Cell Biophys. 2, 1 (1980).
J.B. LePoole, A.B. Bok, P.J. Rus: “A Compact 1 MV-Electron Microscope,” in Microscopie Electronique 1970, Vol.1, ed. by P. Favard (Societe Francaise Microscopie Electronique, Paris 1970) p.113.
P. van Zuylen, L.A. Fontijn: “Preliminary Results with the TPD 1000 kV Electron Microscope,” in High Voltage Electron Microscopy, ed. by P.R. Swann, C.J. Humphreys, M.J. Goringe (Academic, London 1974) p.114.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1984 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Reimer, L. (1984). Introduction. In: Transmission Electron Microscopy. Springer Series in Optical Sciences, vol 36. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-13553-2_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-13553-2_1
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-662-13555-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-662-13553-2
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive