Abstract
Coal is a black or brown, solid, combustible mineral formed by the alteration of prehistoric plant life by bacterial decomposition, with subsequent chemical changes caused by temperature and pressure. These processes result in a range of carbonaceous materials, the first of which is peat and the last of which is graphite (pure carbon). The coals lie between these two extremes:
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Lignite syn. brown coal, less than 75% carbon.
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Lignitous, 75 to 84% carbon.
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Bituminous, 84 to 91% carbon.
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Carbonaceous, 91 to 93% carbon.
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Anthracite, 93% carbon or higher.
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Fox, M.A. (1999). Coal. In: Glossary for the Worldwide Transportation of Dangerous Goods and Hazardous Materials. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-11890-0_18
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