Skip to main content
  • 420 Accesses

Abstract

Exposure assessment is essential in the management of allergic contact dermatitis — when dealing with both the primary prevention of induction of contact sensitization and the secondary prevention of elicitation of contact dermatitis in sensitized individuals. An important task related to clinical work is the elucidation of relevant sources of exposure in eczema patients with positive patch test reaction(s). If the offending allergen is known from positive patch test reactions, the challenge is to explain the relevance and to reveal all the relevant exposure(s), both the one originally causing the contact allergy and subsequent sources that may maintain the allergic reactions.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 74.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Flyvholm M-A (1997) Formaldehyde exposure at the workplace and in the environment. Allergologie 5: 225–231

    Google Scholar 

  2. Flyvholm M-A, Andersen P (1993) Identification of formaldehyde releasers and occurrence of formaldehyde and formaldehyde releasers in registered chemical products. Am J Ind Med 24: 533–552

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Fregert S, Gruvberger B (1980) Formaldehyde in technical EDTA and NTA. Contact Dermatitis 6: 366

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Bergh M, Magnusson K, Nilsson JL, Karlberg AT (1997) Contact allergenic activity of Tween 80 before and after air exposure. Contact Dermatitis 37: 9–18

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Bergh M, Magnusson K, Nilsson JL, Karlberg AT (1998) Formation of formaldehyde and peroxides by air oxidation of high purity polyoxyethylene surfactants. Contact Dermatitis 39: 14–20

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Fregert S (1977) Contamination of chemico-technical preparations with formaldehyde from packages. Contact Dermatitis 3: 109–110

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Basketter DA, Flyvholm M-A, Menne T (1999) Classification criteria for skin-sensitizing chemicals: a commentary. Contact Dermatitis 40: 175–182

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Flyvholm M-A, Tiedeman E, Menné T (1996) Comparison of 2 tests used for clinical assessment of formaldehyde exposure. Contact Dermatitis 34: 35–38

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Flyvholm M-A, Andersen P, Beck ID, Brandorff NP (1992) PROBAS: the Danish Product Register Data Base–a national register of chemical substances and products. J Hazardous Matter 30: 59–69

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Flyvholm M-A (1991) Contact allergens in registered chemical products. Contact Dermatitis 25: 49–56

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Flyvholm M-A (1993) Contact allergens in registered cleaning agents for industrial and household use. Br J Ind Med 50: 1043–1050

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Flyvholm M-A, Menné T (1990) Sensitizing risk of butylated hydroxytoluene based on exposure and effect data. Contact Dermatitis 23: 341–345

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Flyvholm M-A (2000) Computerized product data base. Registered chemical contact allergens. In: Kanerva L, Elsner P, Wahlberg JE, Maibach HI (eds) Handbook of occupational dermatology. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 451–461

    Google Scholar 

  14. Flyvholm M-A, Bakke JV, Wahlberg JE, Nordman H, Schnuch A, Burge PS, Andersen KE, Sarlo K, Menné T, Knudsen BB, Tobiassen LS (1997) Report on a WHO working group, Copenhagen, 17–20 Jan 1996. In: Flyvholm M-A, Andersen KE, Baranski B, Sarlo K (eds) Criteria for classification of skin-and airway sensitizing substances in the work and general environment. WHO, Copenhagen, pp 2–21

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2001 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Flyvholm, MA. (2001). Exposure Assessment. In: Rycroft, R.J.G., Menné, T., Frosch, P.J., Lepoittevin, JP. (eds) Textbook of Contact Dermatitis. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-10302-9_25

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-10302-9_25

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-662-10304-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-662-10302-9

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics