Zusammenfassung
Es erscheint selbstverständlich, daß ein an chronischem Schmerz leidendes Familienmitglied einen großen Einfluß auf das alltägliche Leben in der Familie haben kann. Andererseits gibt es vielfältige Hinweise darauf, daß die Familie ihrerseits die Chronifizierung von Schmerzen sowie damit verbundenen Verhaltensweisen mitbestimmt. Familiäre Normen prägen in vielfältiger Weise den Umgang mit Krankheit. Die Familie ist das Umfeld, in dem Gewohnheiten entstehen, die Gesundheit fördern oder aber behindern können. Zu Beginn dieses Beitrages sollen Befunde aus der Forschung dargestellt werden, die die genannten Zusammenhänge verdeutlichen:
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a)
70–90% aller Erkrankungen werden außerhalb des professionlellen Gesundheitssystems — nämlich in der Familie — behandelt (Hulka et al. 1972; Pratt 1976).
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b)
Die Interpretation von Symptomen und die Befolgung ärztlicher Ratschläge ist deutlich von den Einstellungen der nächsten sozialen Umwelt abhängig (Picken u. Ireland 1969; Suchman 1965; Ferguson u. Bole 1979; O’Brien 1980).
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c)
Je höher die Übereinstimmung zwischen Einstellungen von Familienmitgliedern bezüglich einer Erkrankung, desto höher ist der zu erwartende Erfolg von Behandlungen (Swanson u. Maruta 1980).
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d)
Gesundheitsförderndes Verhalten tritt bei Kindern deutlich häufiger auf, wenn Eltern selbst das entsprechende Verhalten zeigen (zusammenfassend: Baranowski u. Nader 1985).
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e)
Ungünstige Bedingungen in der Familie (z.B. dauernder Streit) können den Verlauf und möglicherweise auch die Entwicklung von chronischen und akuten Erkrankungen in der Familie negativ beeinflussen (vgl. z.B. Boyce et al. 1977; Johnson 1985; Meyer u. Haggerty 1962).
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Flor, H., Fydrich, T. (1990). Die Rolle der Familie bei chronischem Schmerz. In: Basler, HD., Franz, C., Kröner-Herwig, B., Rehfisch, H.P., Seemann, H. (eds) Psychologische Schmerztherapie. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-09595-9_8
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