Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Erscheinungsbild, Erklärungsansätze und Therapieforschung

  • Chapter
Therapie der posttraumatischen Belastungsstörungen

Zusammenfassung

Die Beobachtung,dass extreme Ereignisse extreme Reaktionen verursachen,ist schon alt. So lässt Shakespeare in «Heinrich IV.» Lady Percy zu ihrem Ehemann sagen:

O mein Gemahl,… Was heftest du die Augen auf die Erde Und fährst so oft, wenn du allein bist auf?… Warum verlorst du Deiner Wangen Frische? Gabst meine Schätze und mein Recht an dich Starrseh’nden Grübeln und verhasster Schwermut?…

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Literatur

  • American Psychiatric Association (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorder ( 4th Edn. ). Washington: American Psychiatric Association.

    Google Scholar 

  • Antonovsky, A. (1987). Unraveling the mystery of health. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Basoglu, M., Parker, M., Paker, 0., 0zmen, E., Marks, I., Incesu, C., Sahin, D. and Sarimurat, N. (1994). Psychological effects of torture: A comparison of tortured with nontortured political activists in Turkey. American Journal of Psychiatry, 151, 76–81.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blanchard, E.B., Hickling, E.J., Taylor, A.E., Loos, W.R., Forneris, C.A. and Jaccard, J. (1996). Who develops PTB from motor vehicle accidents? Behavior Research and Therapy, 34, 1–10.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brewin, C.R. (2001). A cognitive neuroscience account of post-traumatic stress disorder and its treatment. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 39, 373–393.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Brewin, C. R., Andrew, B. and Valentine, J. D. (2000). Meta-analysis of risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder in trauma-exposed adults. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 748–766.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, P. (1994). Toward a psychobiological model of dissociation and post-traumatic stress disorder. In S.J. Lynn and J.W. Rhue (Eds.), Dissociation. Clinical and theoretical perspectives. New York: Guilford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cassiday, K. L., McNally, R.J. and Zeitlin, S. B. (1992). Cognitive processing of trauma cues in rape victims with post-traumatic stress disorder. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 16, 283–295.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chemtob, C.M., Roitblat, H.L., Hamada, R.S., Carlson, J.G. and Twentyman, C.T. (1988). A cognitive action theory of posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 2, 253–275.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cienfuegos, A.J. and Monelli, C. (1983). The testimony of political repression as a therapeutic instrument. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 53, 43–51.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Davidson, J. R.T. and Foa, E. B. (1993). Posttraumatic stress disorder. DSM-IV and beyond. Washington: American Psychiatric Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davidson, J. R., Hughes, D., Blazer, D. G. and George, L. K. (1991). Post-traumatic stress disorder in community: An epidemiological study. Psychological Medicine, 21, 713–721.

    Google Scholar 

  • Deering, C.G., Glover, S.G., Ready, D., Eddleman, H.C. and Alarcon, R.D. (1996). Unique patterns of comorbidity in post-traumatic stress disorder from different sources of trauma. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 37, 336–346.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ehlers, A. (1999). Posttraumatische Belastungsst6rung. G~ttingen: Hogrefe.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ehlers, A. and Clark, D.M. (2000). A cognitive model of posttraumatic stress disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 38, 319–345.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ehlers, A., Mayou, R. A. and Bryant, B. (1998). Psychological predictors of chronic posttraumatic stress disorder after motor vehicle accidents. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 107, 508–519.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ehlers, A., Maercker, A. and Boos, A. (2000). Predictors of chronic PTSD following political imprisonment: The role of mental defeat, alienation, and perceived permanent change. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 109, 45–55.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ehlers, A., Hackman, A., Steil, R., Cohessy, S., Wenninger, K. and Winter, H. (2002). The nature of intrusive memories after trauma: The warning signal hypothesis. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 40, 995–1002.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ehlert, U., Gaab, J. and Heinrichs, M. (2001). Psychoendocrinological contributions to the etiology of depression, PTSD, and stress-related bodily disorders: The role of the HPA-axis. Biological Psychology, 141–152.

    Google Scholar 

  • Etten, M.L. van and Taylor, S. (1998). Comparative efficacy of treatments for post-traumatic stress disorder: A meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 5, 126–144.

    Google Scholar 

  • Flatten, G., Hofmann, A., Liebermann, P., Weller, W., Siol, T. and Petzold, E. (2001). Posttraumatische Belastungsst6rung. Leitlinie und Quellentext. Stuttgart: Schattauer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Foa, E. and Kozak, M.J. (1986). Emotional processing of fear: Exposure to correcting information. Psychological Bulletin, 99, 20–35.

    Google Scholar 

  • Foa, E.B., Rothbaum, B.O., Riggs, D.S. and Murdock, T.B. (1991). Treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder in rape victims: A comparison between cognitive-behavioral procedures and counseling. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 59, 715–723.

    Google Scholar 

  • Foa, E.B., Riggs, D.S. and Gershuny, B.S. (1995). Arousal, numbing, and intrusion: Symptom structure of PTB following assault. American Journal of Psychiatry, 152, 116–120.

    Google Scholar 

  • Foa, E. B., Ehlers, A., Clark, D.M., Tolin, D.F. and Orsillo, S.M. (1999). The Posttraumatic Cognitions Inventory (PTCI): Development and validation. Psychological Assessment, 11, 303–314.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fontana, A. and Rosenheck, R. (1994). Traumatic war stress and psychiatric symptoms among World War II, Korean, and Vietnam War veterans. Psychology and Aging, 9, 27–33.

    Google Scholar 

  • Frankl, V. E. (1973). Der Mensch auf der Suche nach Sinn. Freiburg: Herder.

    Google Scholar 

  • Green, B. L., Lindy, J.D., Grace, M.C., Gleser, G.C., Leonard, A.C., Korol, M. and Winget, C. (1990). Buffalo Creek survivors in the second decade: Stability of stress symptoms. American Journal of Ortho psychiatry, 60, 43–54.

    Google Scholar 

  • Green, M.M., McFarlane, A.C., Hunter, C.E. and Griggs, W.M. (1993). Undiagnosed posttraumatic stress disorder following motor vehicle accidents. Medical Journal of Australia, 159, 529–534.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Halligan, S. L., Michael, T., Clark, D. M. and Ehlers, A. ( 2003 a). Cognitive processing, memory, and the development of PTSD symptoms: Two experimental analogue studies. Institute of Psychiatry London (eingereicht).

    Google Scholar 

  • Halligan, S. L., Michael, T., Clark, D.M. and Ehlers, A. (2003b). Post-traumatic stress disorder following assault: The role of cognitive processing, trauma memory, and appraisals. Institute of Psychiatry London, (eingereicht).

    Google Scholar 

  • Heim, C. and Nemeroff, C. B. (1999). The impact of early adverse experiences on brain systems involved in anxiety and affective disorders. Biological Psychiatry, 46, 1619–1623.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Heim, C., Newport, D.J., Bonsall, R., Miller, A. H.and Nemeroff, C. B. (2001). Altered pituitary-adrenal axis responses to provocative challenge tests in adult survivors of childhood abuse. American Journal of Psychiatry, 158, 575–581.

    Google Scholar 

  • Herman, J. (1992). Complex PTB: A syndrome in survivors of prolonged and repeated trauma. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 5, 377–391.

    Google Scholar 

  • Herman, J.L. (1993). Die Narben der Gewalt. Traumatische Er- fahrungen verstehen und überwinden. München: Kindler. Horowitz, M.J. (1976/1997). Stress response syndromes (3rd. Edn. 1997 ). Northvale: Aronson.

    Google Scholar 

  • Janet, P. (1887). L’automatisme psychologique. Paris: Alcan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Janoff-Bulman, R. (1985). The aftermath of victimization: Rebuilding shattered assumptions. In: C.R. Figley (Ed.), Trauma and its wake. New York: Brunner/Mazel.

    Google Scholar 

  • Janoff-Bulman, R. (1995). Victims of violence. In G.S Everly, Jr. and J.M. Lating (Eds.), Psychotraumatology. New York: Plenum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jones, J.C. and Barlow, D.H. (1991). Ein neues Modell der Posttraumatischen Belastungsst6rung: Folgerungen für die Zukunft. In P.A. Saigh (Hrsg.), Posttraumatische Belastungsst6rung. Bern: Hans Huber.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jongedijk, R.A., Carlier, I.V.E., Schreuder, B.J.N. and Gersons, B.P.R. (1996). Complex posttraumatic stress disorder: An exploratory investigation of PTB and DES NOS among Dutch war veterans. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 9, 577–586.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kessler, R.C., Sonnega, A., Bromet, E., Hughes, M. and Nelson, C.B. (1995). Posttraumatic stress disorder in the National Co-morbidity Survey. Archives of General Psychiatry, 52, 1048–1060.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • King, D.W., King, L.A., Foy, D.W., Keane, T.M. and Fairbank, J.A. (1999). PTSD in a national sample of female and male Vietnam veterans: Risk factors, war-zone stressors, and resilience-recovery variables. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 108, 164–170.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kolk, B.A. van der, Roth, S., Pelcovitz, D. and Mandel, F. (1993). Complex PTSD: Results of the field trials for DSM-IV. Washington: American Psychiatric Association.

    Google Scholar 

  • Krupnick, J.L. and Horowitz, M.J. (1981). Stress response syn- dromes. Archives of General Psychiatry, 38, 428–435.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kruse, A. and Schmitt, E. (1999). Reminiscence increased in old age - coping with reminiscence of traumatic experiences. In A. Maercker, M. Schützwohl and Z. Solomon (Eds.), Post-traumatic stress disorder: A lifespan developmental perspective. Seattle: Hogrefe and Huber.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lang, P. (1979). A bio-informational theory of emotional imagery. Psychophysiology, 6, 495–571.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lange, A., Schrieken, B., Ven, J.-P. van de, Bredeweg, B., Emmelkamp, P.M.G., Kolk, J. van der, Lydsdottir, L., Massaro, M. and Reuvers, A. (2000). INTERAPY: The effects of a short protocolled treatment of post-traumatic stress and pathological grief through the Internet. Behavioral and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 28, 102–120.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lee, K.A., Vaillant, G.E., Torrey, W.C. and Elder, G.H. (1995). A 50- year prospective study of the psychological sequelae of Word War II combat. American Journal of Psychiatry, 152, 516–522.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Litz, B.T. and Keane, T.M. (1989). Information processing in anxiety disorders: Application to the understanding of post-traumatic stress disorder. Clinical Psychology Review, 9, 243–257.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maercker, A. (1998). Posttraumatische Belastungsst6rungen: Psychologie der Extrembelastungsfolgen bei Opfern politischer Gewalt. Lengerich: Pabst.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maercker, A. (1999). Lifespan psychological aspects of trauma and PTSD: Symptoms and psychosocial impairments. In A. Maercker, M. Schützwohl and Z. Solomon (Eds.), Posttraumatic stress disorder: A lifespan developmental perspective. Seattle: Hogrefe and Huber.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maercker, A. (2002). Posttraumatische Belastungsst6rungen und komplizierte Trauer: Lebensrückblicks-und andere Interventionen. In A. Maercker (Hrsg.), Alterspsychotherapie und Klinische Gerontopsychologie. Berlin: Springer.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Maercker, A. and Ehlert, U. (2001). Psychotraumatologie - eine neue Theorie-und Praxisperspektive für verschiedene medizinische Disziplinen. In A. Maercker and U. Ehlert (Hrsg.), Psychotraumatologie. G6ttingen: Hogrefe.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maercker, A. and Langner, R. (2001). Pers6nliche Reifung durch Belastungen und Traumata: Ein Vergleich zweier Fragebogen zur Erfassung selbstwahrgenommener Reifung nach traumatischen Erlebnissen. Diagnostica, 47, 153–162.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maercker, A. and Müller, J. (2003). Societal acknowledgment as a victim or survivor: A scale to measure a recovery factor of PTSD (eingereicht).

    Google Scholar 

  • Maercker, A. andZöllner, T. (2002). Life-Review-Therapie als spezifische Form der Behandlung Posttraumatischer Belastungsst6rung im Alter. Verhaltenstherapie und Verhaltensmedizin, 23, 213–226.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maercker, A., Schützwohl, M. and Solomon, Z. (1999). Posttraumatic stress disorder: A lifespan developmental perspective. Seattle: Hogrefe and Huber.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maercker, A., Schützwohl, M. and Beauducel, A. (2000). Trauma severity and initial reactions as precipitating factors for posttraumatic stress disorder and chronic dissociation. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 13, 651–660.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Maercker, A., Michael, T., Fehm, L., Becker, E.S. and Margraf, J. (2003). PTSD and major depression and its association to age of traumatization in a representative sample of young woman (eingereicht).

    Google Scholar 

  • March, J.S. (1993). What constitutes a stessor? The ecriterion Ac issue. In J. R.T. Davidson and E.B. Foa (Eds.), Posttraumatic stress disorder. DSM-IV and beyond. Washington: American Psychiatric Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Margraf, J. (2000). Grundprinzipien und historische Entwicklung. In J. Margraf (Hrsg.), Lehrbuch der Verhaltenstherapie, Bd. 1 ( 2. Aufl.). Berlin: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marmar, C.R., Weiss, D. S. and Metzler, T. J. (1998). Peritraumatic dissociation and posttraumatic stress disorder. In J.D. Bremner and C.R. Marmar (Eds.), Trauma, memory, and dissociation. Washington: American Psychiatric Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mayou, R.A., Ehlers, A. and Bryant, B. (2002). Posttraumatic stress disorder after motor vehicle accidents: 3-year follow-up of a prospective longitudinal study. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 40, 665–675.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McNally, R.J. (1993). Stressors that produce posttraumatic stress disorder in children. In J.T.R. Davidson and E.B. Foa (Eds.), Posttraumatic stress disorder: DSM-IV and beyond. Washington: American Psychological Association.

    Google Scholar 

  • McNally, R.J., Kaspi, S. P., Rieman, B.C. and Zeitlin, S. B. (1990). Selective processing of treat cues in post-traumatic stress disorder. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 99, 398–402.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Müller, J., Beauducel, A., Raschka, J. and Maercker, A. (2000). Kommunikationsverhalten nach politischer Haft in der DDR–Entwicklung eines Fragebogens zum Offenlegen der Traumaerfahrungen. Zeitschrift für Politische Psychologie, 8, 413–427.

    Google Scholar 

  • Murray, J., Ehlers, A. and Mayou, R.A. (2002). Dissociation and posttraumatic stress disorder: Two prospective studies of motor vehicle accident survivors. British Journal of Psychiatry, 180, 363–368.

    Google Scholar 

  • Neuner, F., Schauer, M. and Elbert, T. (2000). Testimony-Therapie als Psychotherapie für Überlebende politischer Gewalt. Zeitschrift für Politische Psychologie, 8 /9, 585–600.

    Google Scholar 

  • Neuner, F., Schauer, M., Klaschik, C., Karunakara, U. and Elbert, T. (2003). A randomized controlled trial of Narrative Exposure, Supportive Counseling and Psychoeducation for the treatment of severely traumatized Sudanese refugees in an Ugandan settlement (eingereicht).

    Google Scholar 

  • Noelen-Hoeksema, S. and Morrow, J. (1991). A prospective study of depression and posttraumatic stress symptoms after a natural disaster: The 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61, 115–121.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Orth, U., Montada, L. and Maercker, A. (2003). Rachegefühle und posttraumatische Belastungsreaktionen. Zeitschrift für Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie (in Druck).

    Google Scholar 

  • Perkonigg, A., Kessler, R. C., Storz, S. and Wittchen, H. U. (2000). Traumatic events and post-traumatic stress disorder in the community: Prevalence, risk factors and comorbidity. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 101, 45–59.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pennebaker, J.W. (1985). Traumatic experience and psychosomatic disease: Exploring the roles of behaviou ral inhibition, obsession, and confiding. Canadian Psychology, 26, 82–95.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pennebaker, J.W., Barger, S. D. and Tiebout, J. (1989). Disclosure of traumas and health among Holocaust survivors. Psychosomatic Medicine, 51, 577–589.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Petty, F., Kramer, G.L., Wu, J. and Davis, L. L. (1997). Posttraumatic stress and depression. A neurochemical anatomy of learned helplessness animal model. In R. Yehuda and A.C. McFarlane (Eds.), Psychobiology of posttraumatic stress disorder. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 821, 529–533.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pitman, R.K. (1989). Post-traumatic stress disorder, hormones, and memory. Biological Psychiatry, 26, 221–223.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Reddemann, L. (2001). Imagination als heilsame Kraft. Zur Behandlung von Traumafolgen mit ressourcenorientierten Verfahren. Stuttgart: Pfeiffer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Resick, P.A. (2003). Stress und Trauma. Bern: Huber.

    Google Scholar 

  • Resick, P.A. and Schnicke, M. K. (1991). Cognitive processing therapy for sexual assault victims. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 60, 748–756.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Roth, S. and Lebowitz, L. (1987). The experience of sexual trauma. Journal of traumatic stress, 1, 79–107.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schmidt-Ratjens, C., Benz, D., van Damme, D., Feldt, K. and Amelang, M. (1997). Über zwiespältige Erfahrungen mit Fragebögen zum Kohärenzsinn sensu Antonovsky. Diagnostica, 43, 327–346.

    Google Scholar 

  • Solomon, Z., Mikulincer, M. and Waysman, M. (1991). Delayed and immediate onset post-traumatic stress disorder: The role of life events and social ressources. Journal of Community Psychology, 19, 231–236.

    Google Scholar 

  • Steil, R. and Ehlers, A. (2000). Dysfunctional meaning of posttraumatic intrusions in chronic PTSD. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 38, 537–558.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stein, M.B., Hanna, C., Koverola, C., Torchia, M. and McClarty, B. (1997). Structural brain changes in PTSD. Does trauma alter neuroanatomy7 In R. Yehuda and A.C. McFarlane (Eds.), Psychobiology of posttraumatic stress disorder. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 821, 76–82.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sutker, P.B., Uddo, M., Brailey, K., Vasterling, J.J. and Errera, P. (1994). Psychopathology in war-zone deployed and non-deployed Operation Desert Storm troops assigned graves registration duties. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 103, 383–390.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Terr, L.C. (1989). Treating psychic trauma in children. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 2, 3–20.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Weltgesundheitsorganisation (1994). Internationale Klassifikation psychischer Störungen. ICD-10 Kapitel V. Bern: Hans Huber.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yehuda, R. and McFarlane, A.C. (Eds.) (1997). Psychobiology of posttraumatic stress disorder. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 821.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yehuda, R., Kahana, B., Binder-Brynes, K., Southwick, S.M., Mason, J.W. and Giller, E.L. (1995). Low urinary cortisol excretion in Holocaust survivors with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 152, 982–986.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zlotnick, C., Zakriski, A.L., Shea, M.T., Costello, E., Begin, A., Pearlstein, T. and Simpson, E. (1996). The long-term sequelae of sexual abuse: Support for a complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 9, 195–205.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zöllner, T., Karl, A. and Maercker, A. (Hrsg.) (2003). Behandlungsmanual kognitiver Verhaltenstherapie von Verkehrsunfallopfern - von E.J. Hickling and E.B. Blanchard. Lengerich: Pabst.

    Google Scholar 

Weiterführende Literatur

  • Ehlers, A. (1999). Posttraumatische Belastungsstörung. Göttingen: Hogrefe.

    Google Scholar 

  • Flatten, G., Hofmann, A., Liebermann, P., Wöller, W., Siol, T. and Petzold, E. (2001). Posttraumatische Belastungsstörung. Leitlinie und Quellentext. Stuttgart: Schattauer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Herman, J. L. (1993). Die Narben der Gewalt. Traumatische Erfahrungen verstehen und überwinden. München: Kindler.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kolk, B. van der, McFarlane, A.C., Weisaeth, L. (Hrsg.) (2002). Traumatic Stress. Grundlagen und Behandlungsansätze. Paderborn: Junfermann.

    Google Scholar 

  • Resick, P.A. (2003). Stress und Trauma (Hrsg. der deutschen erweiterten Auflage: A. Maercker). Bern: Huber.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. A. Maercker
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie, Universität Zürich, Zürichbergstraße 43, 8044, Zürich, Schweiz

    Andreas Maercker

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2003 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Maercker, A. (2003). Erscheinungsbild, Erklärungsansätze und Therapieforschung. In: Maercker, A. (eds) Therapie der posttraumatischen Belastungsstörungen. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-09391-7_1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-09391-7_1

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-662-09392-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-662-09391-7

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation