Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Community-Level Interactions Between Plants and Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi

  • Chapter
Mycorrhiza

Abstract

In this contribution we discuss several interactions between mycorrhizal fungi and their host plants. In particular we illustrate how plant communities may be affected by mycorrhizal fungi, and how mycorrhizal fungal communities may be affected by plants and plant cultural practices. The justification for the study of the mycorrhizal symbiosis at the level of the community is rooted in the fact that organisms in nature are usually assembled into interactive communities and do not exist as solitary entities. The function of the symbiosis must therefore be viewed in the context of communities. Although we draw extensively from the ecological literature, the concepts discussed herein are also relevant to horticulture, agronomy, forestry, and land reclamation. We believe that successful use of mycorrhizal fungi in these fields requires an essentially ecological perspective. This chapter deals primarily with the vesicular-arbuscular (VA) mycorrhizal symbiosis. We call to the reader’s attention other recent reviews on related ecological treatments of the mycorrhizal symbiosis including those by St. John and Coleman (1983), Hetrick (1984), Loree and Williams (1984), Fitter (1990), Allen (1991), Brundrett (1991), Marx (1991), Read (1991a,b), Söderström (1991) and Fahey (1992), among others.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 74.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Abbott LK (1982) Comparative anatomy of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas formed on subterranean clover. Aust J Bot 30: 485–499

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Abbott LK, Robson AD (1985) Formation of external hyphae in soil by four species of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. New Phytol 99: 245–255

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Adelman MJ, Morton JB (1986) Infectivity of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi: influence of host-soil diluent combinations on MPN estimates and percentage colonization. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 18: 77–83

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Aldwell FEB, Hall IR, Smith JMB (1983) Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA) to identify endomycorrhizal fungi. Soil Biol Biochem 15: 377–378

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Aldwell FEB, Hall IR, Smith JMB (1985) Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay as an aid to taxonomy of the Endogonaceae. Trans Br Mycol Soc 84: 399–402

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Allen MF (1991) The ecology of mycorrhizae. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 184 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Allsopp N, Stock WD (1992) Density dependent interactions between VA mycorrhizal fungi and even-aged seedlings of two perennial Fabaceae species. Oecologia 91: 281–287

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Azcón R, Ocampo JA (1981) Factors affecting the vesicular-arbuscular infection and mycorrhizal dependency of thirteen wheat cultivars. New Phytol 87: 677–685

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baltruschat H, Dehne HW (1988) The occurrence of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza in agroecosystems. Influence of nitrogen fertilization and green manure in continuous monoculture and in crop rotation on the inoculum potential of winter wheat. Plant Soil 107: 279–284

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bateman GL, Ward E, Antoniw JF (1992) Identification of Gaeumannomyces graminis var tritici and G graminis var avenae using a DNA probe and non-molecular methods. Mycol Res 96: 737–742

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baylis GTS (1972) Fungi, phosphorus, and the evolution of root systems. Search 3: 257–259

    Google Scholar 

  • Bergelson JM, Crawley MJ (1988) Mycorrhizal infection and plant species diversity. Nature 334: 202

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bethlenfalvay GJ, Dakessian S (1984) Effects of grazing on mycorrhizal colonization and floristic composition of the vegetation on semi-arid range in northern Nevada. J Range Manage 37: 312–316

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boerner REJ, Harris KK (1991) Effects of collembola (Arthropoda) and relative germination date on competition between mycorrhizal Panicum virgatum (Poaceae) and non-mycorrhizal Brassica nigra ( Brassicaceae ). Plant Soil 136: 121–129

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Borowicz VA, Fitter AH (1990) Effects of endomycorrhizal infection, artificial herbivory, and parental cross on growth of Lotus corniculatus L Oecologia 82: 402–407

    Google Scholar 

  • Brundrett M (1991) Mycorrhizas in natural ecosystems. Adv Ecol Res 21: 171–313

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brundrett MC, Kendrick B (1990) The roots and mycorrhizas of herbaceous woodland plants II. Structural aspects of morphology. New Phytol 114: 469–479

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bryla DR, Koide RT (1990a) Regulation of reproduction in wild and cultivated Lycopersicon esculentum Mill by vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal infection. Oecologia 84: 74–81

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bryla DR, Koide RT (1990b) Role of mycorrhizal infection in the growth and reproduction of wild vs cultivated plants. II. Eight wild accessions and two cultivars of Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. Oecologia 84: 82–92

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Buwalda JG (1980) Growth of a clover-ryegrass association with vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizas. N Z J Agricult Res 23: 379–383

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carey PD, Fitter AH, Watkinson AR (1992) A field study using the fungicide benomyl to investigate the effect of mycorrhizal fungi on plant fitness. Oecologia 90: 550–555

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chanway CP, Turkington R, Holl FB (1991) Ecological implications of specificity between plants and rhizosphere micro-organisms. Advances in Ecological Research 21: 121–169

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Daft MJ, El-Giahmi AA (1978) Effect of arbuscular mycorrhiza on plant growth. VIII. Effects of defoliation and light on selected hosts. New Phytol 80: 365–372

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dehne HW (1982) Interaction between vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and plant pathogens. Phytopathol 72: 1115–1119

    Google Scholar 

  • Dhillion SS (1992a) Evidence for host-mycorrhizal preference in native grassland species. Mycol Res 96: 359–362

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dhillion SS (1992b) Host-endophyte specificity of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization of Oryza sativa L. at the pre-transplant stage in low or high phosphorus soil. Soil Biol Biochem 24: 405–411

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dodd J, Krikun J, Haas J (1983) Relative effectiveness of indigenous populations of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi from four sites in Negev, Israel. Isr J Bot 32: 10–21

    Google Scholar 

  • Estatin V, Calvet C, Hayman DS (1987) Influence of plant genotype on mycorrhizal infection: response of three pea cultivars. Plant Soil 103: 295–298

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Evans DG, Miller MH (1988) Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas and the soil-disturbance-induced reduction of nutrient absorption in maize. I. Causal relations. New Phytol 110: 67–74

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Evans DG, Miller MH (1990) The role of the external mycelial network in the effect of soil disturbance upon vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization of maize. New Phytol 114: 65–71

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fahey TJ (1992) Mycorrhizae and forest ecosystems. Mycorrhiza 1: 83–89

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fairchild GL, Miller MH (1988) Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas and the soildisturbance-induced reduction of nutrient absorption in maize. II. Development of the effect. New Phytol 110: 75–84

    Google Scholar 

  • Finlay R (1985) Interactions between soil micro-arthropods and endomycorrhizal associations of higher plants. In: Fitter AH, Atkinson D, Read DJ, Usher MB (eds) Ecological interactions in the soil. Spec Publication 4, British Ecological Society. Blackwell, Oxford, pp 319–331

    Google Scholar 

  • Fitter AH (1977) Influence of mycorrhizal infection on competition for phosphorus and potassium by two grasses. New Phytol 79: 119–125

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fitter AH (1986) Effect of benomyl on leaf phosphorus concentration in alpine grasslands: a test of mycorrhizal benefit. New Phytol 103: 767–776

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fitter AH (1990) The role and ecological significance of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas in temperate ecosystems. Agric Ecosyst Environ 29: 137–151

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fitter AH, Sanders IR (1992) Interactions with the soil fauna. In: Allen MF, Allen E (eds) Mycorrhizal functioning. Chapman and Hall, New York, pp 333–354

    Google Scholar 

  • Flor HH (1971) Current status of the gene-for-gene hypothesis. Annu Rev Phytopathol 9: 275–296

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Francis R, Read DJ (1984) Direct transfer of carbon between plants connected by vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal mycelium. Nature 307: 53–56

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gange AC, Brown VK, Farmer LM (1990) A test of mycorrhizal benefit in an early successional plant community. New Phytol 115: 85–91

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gazey C, Abbott LK, Robson AD (1992) The rate of development of mycorrhizas affects the onset of sporulation and production of external hyphae by two species of Acaulospora. Mycol Res 96: 643–650

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gehring CA, Whitham TG (1991) Herbivore-driven mycorrhizal mutualism in insect-susceptible pinyon pine. Nature 353: 556–557

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gehring CA, Whitham TG (1992) Reduced mycorrhizae on Juniperus monosperma with mistletoe: the influence of environmental stress and tree gender on a plant parasite and a plant-fungal mutualism. Oecologia 89: 298–303

    Google Scholar 

  • Gibson WC, de Marshall TF, Godfrey DG (1980) Numerical analysis of enzyme polymorphism: A new approach to the epidemiology and taxonomy of trypanosomes of the subgenus Trypanozoon. Adv Parasitol 18: 175–246

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Giovannetti M, Hepper CM (1985) Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal infection in Hedysarum coronarium and Onobrychis viciaefolia: Host-endophyte specificity. Soil Biol Biochem 17: 899–900

    Google Scholar 

  • Graham JA, Linderman RG, Menge JA (1982) Development of external hyphae by different isolates of mycorrhizal Glomus spp in relation to root colonization and growth in Troyer citrange. New Phytol 91: 183–189

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Graw D, Moawad M, Rehm S (1979) Untersuchungen zur wirts and wirkungs spezifität der VA Mykorrhiza. Z Acker Pflanzenb 148: 85–98

    Google Scholar 

  • Grime JP, Mackey JML, Hillier SH, Read DJ (1987) Floristic diversity in a model system using experimental microcosms. Nature 328: 420–422

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grime JP, Mackey JML, Hillier SH, Read DJ (1988) Mycorrhizal infection and plant species diversity, reply. Nature 334: 202

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hall IR (1978) Effects of endomycorrhizas on the competitive ability of white clover. NZ J Agric Res 21: 509–515

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harinikumar KM, Bagyaraj DJ (1988) Effect of crop rotation on native vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal propagules in soil. Plant Soil 110: 77–80

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harley JL, Smith SE (1983) Mycorrhizal symbiosis. Academic Press, Oxford, 483 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Harris KK, Boerner REJ (1990) Effects of belowground grazing by collembola on growth, mycorrhizal infection, and P uptake of Geranium robertianum. Plant Soil 129: 203–210

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Henkel TW, Smith WK, Christensen M (1989) Infectivity and effectivity of indigenous vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi from contiguous soils in southwestern Wyoming, USA. New Phytol 112: 205–214

    Google Scholar 

  • Henson JM (1992) DNA hybridization and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests for identification of Gaeumannomyces, Phialophora and Magnaporthe isolates. Mycol Res 96: 629–636

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hepper CM, Sen R, Azcón-Aguillar C, Grace C (1988a) Variation in certain isozymes amongst different geographical isolates of the vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi Glomus darum, Glomus monosporum and Glomus mossae. Soil Biol Biochem 20: 51–59

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hepper CM, Azcón-Aguillar C, Rosendahl S, Sen R (1988b) Competition between three species of Glomus used as spatially separated introduced and indigenous mycorrhizal inocula for leek (Album porrum L.). New Phytol 110: 207–215

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hetrick BAD (1984) Ecology of VA mycorrhizal fungi. In: Powell CL, Bagyaraj DJ (eds. VA mycorrhiza. CRC, Boca Raton, pp 35–55

    Google Scholar 

  • Hetrick BAD, Wilson GWT, Hartnett DC (1989) Relationship between mycorrhizal dependence and competitive ability of two tallgrass prairie grasses. Can J Bot 67: 2608–2615

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Huenneke LF, Hamburg SP, Koide RT, Mooney HA, Vitousek PM (1990) Effects of soil resources on plant invasion and community structure in Californian serpentine grassland. Ecology 71: 478–491

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ingham ER (1988) Interactions between nematodes and vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae. Agric Ecosyst Environ 24: 169–182

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jakobsen I, Abbott LK, Robson AD (1992) External hyphae of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with Trifolium subterraneum L. 1. Spread of hyphae and phosphorus inflow into roots. New Phytol 120: 371–380

    Google Scholar 

  • Janos DP (1980) Mycorrhizae influence tropical succession. Biotropica (Suppl) 12: 56–64

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jasper DA, Abbott LK, Robson AD (1989) Soil disturbance reduces the infectivity of external hyphae of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. New Phytol 112: 93–99

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jasper DA, Abbott LK, Robson AD (1991) The effect of soil disturbance on vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in soils from different vegetation types. New Phytol 118: 471–476

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jensen A (1982) Influence of four vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on nutrient uptake and growth in barley (Hordeum vulgare). New Phytol 90: 45–50

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jensen A (1983) The effect of indigenous vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on nutrient uptake and growth of barley in two Danish soils. Plant Soil 70: 155–163

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson NC, Pfleger FL, Crookston RK, Simmons SR, Copeland PJ (1991a) Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas respond to corn and soybean cropping history. New Phytol 117: 657–663

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson NC, Zak DR, Tilman D, Pfleger FL (1991b) Dynamics of vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizae during old field succession. Oecologia 86: 349–358

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Koide RT (1991a) Nutrient supply, nutrient demand and plant response to mycorrhizal infection. New Phytol 117: 365–386

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Koide RT (1991b) Density-dependent response to mycorrhizal infection in Abutilon theophrasti Medic. Oecologia 85: 389–395

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Koide RT, Li M (1991) Mycorrhizal fungi and the nutrient ecology of three oldfield annual plant species. Oecologia 85: 403–412

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Koide RT, Lu X (1992) Mycorrhizal infection of wild oats: maternal effects on offspring growth and reproduction. Oecologia 90: 218–226

    Google Scholar 

  • Koide RT, Mooney HA (1987) Revegetation of serpentine substrates: response to phosphate application. Environ Manage 11: 563–567

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Koide RT, Li M, Lewis J, Irby C (1988) Role of mycorrhizal infection in the growth and reproduction of wild vs. cultivated plants. I. Wild vs. cultivated oats. Oecologia 77: 537–543

    Google Scholar 

  • Koske R (1981) A preliminary study of interactions between species of vesiculararbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in a sand dune. Trans Br Mycol Soc 79: 411–416

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Koske R (1987) Distribution of VA mycorrhizal fungi along a latitudinal temperature gradient. Mycologia 79: 55–68

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kough J (1985) Relationship of extra-matrical hyphae of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to plant growth response. PhD Thesis, Oregon State University, Corvallis

    Google Scholar 

  • Lackie SM, Garriock ML, Peterson RL, Bowley SR (1987) Influence of host plant on the morphology of the vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus versiforme ( Daniels Trappe) Berch. Symbiosis 3: 147–158

    Google Scholar 

  • Law R (1988) Some ecological properties of intimate mutualisms involving plants. In: Davy AJ, Hutchings MJ, Watkinson AR (eds) Plant population ecology. Blackwell Oxford, pp 315–341

    Google Scholar 

  • Law R, Lewis DH (1983) Biotic environments and the maintenance of sex—some evidence from mutualistic symbioses. Biol J Linn Soc 20: 249–276

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lewis JD, Koide RT (1990) Phosphorus supply, mycorrhizal infection and plant offspring vigour. Funct Ecol 4: 695–702

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lopez-Aguillon R, Mosse B (1987) Experiments on the competitiveness of three endomycorrhizal fungi. Plant Soil 97: 155–170

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Loree MAJ, Williams SE (1984) Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae and severe land disturbance. In: Williams SE, Allen MF (eds) VA mycorrhizae and reclamation of arid and semi-arid lands. University of Wyoming, Laramie, pp 1–14

    Google Scholar 

  • Lu X, Koide RT (1991) Avena fatua L. seed and seedling nutrient dynamics as influenced by mycorrhizal infection of the maternal generation. Plant Cell Environ 14: 931–939

    Google Scholar 

  • Marmeisse R, Debaud JC, Casselton LA (1992) DNA probes for species and strain identification of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Hebeloma. Mycol Res 96: 161–165

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marx DH (1991) The practical significance of ectomycorrhizae in forest establishment. In: Ecophysiology of ectomycorrhizae of forest trees. The Marcus Wallenburg Foundation Symp Proc 7. Fallun, Sweden, pp 54–90

    Google Scholar 

  • McGee PA (1989) Variation in propagule numbers of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in a semi-arid soil. Mycol Res 92: 28–33

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McGonigle TP, Fitter AH (1990) Ecological specificity of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal associations. Mycol Res 94: 120–122

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McGonigle TP, Evans DG, Miller MH (1990) Effect of degree of soil disturbance on mycorrhizal colonization and phosphorus absorption by maize in growth chamber and field experiments. New Phytol 116: 629–636

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mercy MA, Shivashankar G, Bagyaraj DJ (1990) Mycorrhizal colonization in cowpea is host dependent and heritable. Plant Soil 121: 292–294

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Molina RJ, Trappe JM, Strickler GS (1978) Mycorrhizal fungi associated with Festuca in western United States and Canada. Can J Bot 56: 1691–1695

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moore JC, St. John TV, Coleman DC (1985) Ingestion of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal hyphae and spores by soil microarthropods. Ecology 66: 1979–1981

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Morton JB (1990) Species and clones of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Glomales, Zygomycetes): their role in macro-and micro-evolutionary processes. Mycotaxon 37: 493–515

    Google Scholar 

  • Newman EI (1988) Mycorrhizal links between plants: their functioning and ecological significance. Adv Ecol Res 18: 243–270

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pearcy RW, Bjorkman O, Caldwell MM, Keeley JE, Monson RK, Strain BR (1987) Carbon gain by plants in natural environments. BioScience 37: 21–29

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rabatin SC, Stinner BR (1985) Arthropods as consumers of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Mycologia 77: 320–322

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rabatin SC, Stinner BR (1988) Indirect effects of interactions between VAM fungi and soil-inhabiting invertebrates on plant processes. Agric Ecosyst Environ 24: 135–146

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Read DJ (1991a) Mycorrhizas in ecosystems. Experientia 47: 376–391

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Read DJ (1991b) The role of the mycorrhizal symbiosis in the nutrition of plant communities. In: Ecophysiology of ectomycorrhizae of forest trees. The Marcus Wallenburg Foundation Symp Proc 7. Fallun, Sweden, pp 27–5

    Google Scholar 

  • Ritz K, Newman EI (1985) Evidence for rapid cycling of phosphorus from dying roots to living plants. Oikos 45: 174–180

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rosendahl S, Rosendahl C, SÌchting U (1990) Distribution of VA mycorrhizal endophytes amongst plants from a Danish grassland community. Agric Ecosyst Environ 29: 329–336

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sanders FE, Tinker PB, Black RLB, Palmerley SM (1977) The development of endomycorrhizal root systems. I. Spread of infection and growth-promoting effects with four species of vesicular-arbuscular endophyte. New Phytol 78: 257–268

    Google Scholar 

  • Sanders IR (1991) Seasonality, specificity and selectivity of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas in grasslands. DPhil Thesis, University of York, 199 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Sanders IR (1993) Temporal infectivity and specificity of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas in co-existing grassland species. Oecologia 93: 349–355

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sanders IR, Fitter AH (1992a) Evidence for differential responses between host-fungus combinations of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas from a grassland. Mycol Res 96: 415–419

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sanders IR, Fitter AH (1992b) The ecology and functioning of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas in co-existing grassland species. I. Seasonal patterns of mycorrhizal occurrence and morphology. New Phytol 120: 517–524

    Google Scholar 

  • Sanders IR, Koide RT (1994) Nutrient aquisition and community structure in co-occurring mycotrophic and non-mycotrophic old field annuals. Funct Ecol 8: 77–84

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sanders IR, Ravolanirina F, Gianinazzi-Pearson V, Gianinazzi S, Lemoine MC (1992) Detection of specific antigens in the vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi Gigaspora margarita and Acaulospora laevis using polyclonal antibodies to soluble spore fractions. Mycol Res 96: 477–480

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sanders IR, Koide RT, Shumway DL (1993) Mycorrhizal stimulation of plant parasitism. Can J Bot 71: 1143–1146

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schemske DW, Wilson MF, Melampy MN, Miller U, Verner L, Schemske KM, Best LB (1978) Flowering ecology of some woodland herbs. Ecology 59: 351–366

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schenk NC, Smith GS (1982) Response of six species of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and their effects on soybean at four soil temperatures. New Phytol 92: 193–201

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schmitt J (1983) Individual flowering phenology, plant size, and reproductive success in Linanthus androsaceus, a California annual. Oecologia 59: 135–140

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sen R, Hepper CM (1986) Characterization of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Glomus spp.) by selective enzyme staining following polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Soil Biol Biochem 18: 29–34

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sieverding E, Leihner DE (1984) Influence of crop rotation and intercropping of cassava with legumes on VA mycorrhizal symbiosis of cassava. Plant Soil 80: 143–146

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Simon L, Lalonde M, Bruns TD (1992) Specific amplification of 18S fungal ribosomal genes from vesicular-arbuscular endomycorrhizal fungi colonizing roots. Appl Environ Microbiol 58: 291–295

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Söderström B (1991) The fungal partner in the mycorrhizal symbiosis. In: Ecophysiology of ectomycorrhizae of forest trees. The Marcus Wallenburg Foundation Symp Proc 7. Fallun, Sweden, pp 5–26

    Google Scholar 

  • Stahl PD, Williams SE, Christensen M (1988) Efficacy of native vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi after severe soil disturbance. New Phytol 110: 347–354

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stanley MR, Koide RT, Shumway DL (1993) Mycorrhizal symbiosis increases growth, reproduction and recruitment of Abutidon theophrasti medic. in the field. Oecologia 94: 30–35

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • St John TV, Coleman DC (1983) The role of mycorrhizae in plant ecology. Can J Bot 61: 1005–1014

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Toft CA, Karter AJ (1990) Parasite-host coevolution. Trends Ecol Evol 5: 326–329

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wallace LL (1981) Growth, morphology and gas exchange of mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal Panicum coloratum L., a C4 grass species, under different clipping and fertilization regimes. Oecologia 49: 272–278

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Warnock AJ, Fitter AH, Usher MB (1982) The influence of a springtail Folsomia candida (Insecta, Collembola) on the mycorrhizal association of leek Allium porrum and the vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal endophyte Glomus fasiculatus. New Phytol 90: 285–292

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wilson JM (1984) Competition for infection between vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. New Phytol 97: 427–435

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wright SF, Morton JB (1989) Detection of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus colonization of roots using a dot-immunoblot assay. Appl Environ Microbiol 55: 761–763

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wright SF, Morton JB, Sworobuk JE (1987) Identification of a vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus by using monoclonal antibodies in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Appl Environ Microbiol 52: 2222–2225

    Google Scholar 

  • Wyatt R (1981) The reproductive biology of Asclepias tuberosa. II. Factors determining fruit set. New Phytol 88: 375–385

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Abteilung Pflanzenphysiologie, Botanisches Institut der Universität Basel, 4056, Basel, Swizerland

    I. R. Sanderss

  2. Department of Horticulture, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA

    R. T. Koide & D. L. Shumway

Authors
  1. I. R. Sanderss
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. R. T. Koide
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. D. L. Shumway
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, 110067, New Delhi, India

    Ajit Varma

  2. Lehrstuhl für Botanik, Technische Universität München, 85350, Freising, Germany

    Bertold Hock

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1995 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Sanderss, I.R., Koide, R.T., Shumway, D.L. (1995). Community-Level Interactions Between Plants and Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi. In: Varma, A., Hock, B. (eds) Mycorrhiza. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-08897-5_26

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-08897-5_26

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-662-08899-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-662-08897-5

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation