Abstract
In any low-temperature apparatus it is necessary to couple some parts thermally very well whereas other parts have to be well isolated from each other and, in particular, from ambient temperature. The transfer of “heat” (or better “cold”) and the thermal isolation are essential considerations when designing a low-temperature apparatus. These problems become progressively more acute at lower temperatures, and they will be discussed in this chapter. A general treatment of the thermal conductivity of materials is given in Sect.3.3. Besides learning how to take advantage of the very different thermal conductivities of various materials, we have to discuss how to design an apparatus to achieve the desired goals. For example, there are situations, as in low-temperature calorimetry, where two substances have to be in good thermal contact and then have to be very well thermally isolated from each other for the remainder of the experiment. For this purpose we need a thermal switch and I shall place special emphasis on the discussion of superconducting heat switches which dominate the temperature range below 1 K. One of the severest problems in low-temperature technology is the thermal boundary resistance between different materials. This is a particularly severe problem if good thermal contact between liquid helium and a solid is required as it will be discussed in the final sections of the present chapter.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
G.K. White: Experimental Techniques in Low Temperature Physics, 3rd. edn. ( Clarendon, Oxford 1979 )
A.C. Rose-Innes: Low Temperature Laboratory Techniques (English Univ. Press, London 1973 )
R. McFee: Rev. Sci. Instrum. 30, 98 (1959)
J.E.C. Williams: Cryogenics 3, 324 (1963)
Yu.L. Buyanov, A.B. Fradkov, I.Yu. Shebalin: Cryogenics 15, 193 (1975)
R.C. Richardson, E.N. Smith: Experimental Techniques in Condensed Matter Physics at Low Temperatures ( Addison-Wesley, Redwood City, CA 1988 )
D.G. Blair, H. Paik, R.C. Taber: Rev. Sci. Instrum. 46, 1130 (1975)
S.A.J. Wiegers, P.E. Wolf, L. Puech: Physica B 165 and 166 165 (1990) (Proc. 19th Intl Conf. on Low Temp. Phys.)
O.V. Lounasmaa: Experimental Principles and Methods Below 1K ( Academic, London 1974 )
N.E. Philips: Phys. Rev. 114, 676 (1959)
R.W. Hill, G.R. Pickett: Ann. Acad. Sci. Fenn. Ser. A6, 210, 40 (1966)
J.H. Colwell: Rev. Sci. Instrum. 40, 1182 (1969)
J.A. Birch: J. Phys. C 8, 2043 (1975)
P.R. Roach, J.B. Ketterson, B.M. Abraham, P.D. Roach, J. Monson: Rev. Sci. Instrum. 46, 207 (1975)
R.M. Mueller, C. Buchal, T. Oversluizen, F. Pobell: Rev. Sci. Instrum. 49, 515 (1978); see also R.M. Mueller, C. Buchal, H.R. Folle, M. Kubota, F. Pobell: Cryogenics 20, 395 (1980)
V.P. Peshkov, A.Yu. Parshin: Sov. Phys.-JETP 21, 258 (1965)
R.H. March, O.G. Symko: Proc. Grenoble Conf. (Int’l Inst. Refrigeration, Paris 1965) Annexe 2, p. 57
J.M. Cotignola, F. de la Cruz, M.E. de la Cruz, R.P. Platzeck: Rev. Sci. Instrum. 38, 87 (1967)
Yu.M. Bunkov: Cryogenics 29, 938 (1989)
N.S. Lawson: Cryogenics 22, 667 (1982)
K.W. Wittekers, W.A. Bosch, F. Mathu, H.C. Meijer, H. Postma: Cryogenics 29, 904 (1989)
E. Schuberth: Rev. Sci. Instrum. 55, 1486 (1984)
M. Krusius, D.N. Paulson, J.C. Wheatley: Rev. Sci. Instrum. 49, 396 (1978)
24 K. Gloos, C. Mitschka, F. Pobell, P. Smeibidl: Cryogenics 30, 14 (1990)
S.G. O’Hara, A.C. Anderson: Phys. Rev. B 9, 3730 (1974); ibid. B 10, 574 (1974)
A.C. Anderson, C.B. Satterthwaite, S.C. Smith: Phys. Rev. B 3, 3762 (1971)
P.G. Klemens: Solid State Physics 7, 1 ( Academic, New York 1958 )
R. Berman: Thermal Conduction in Solids ( Clarendon, Oxford 1976 )
T. Okamoto, H. Fukuyama, H. Ishimoto, S. Ogawa: Rev. Sci. Instrum. 61, 1332 (1990) (this paper provides references to former publications on the problem of thermal contact between two metals)
J. Landau, R. Rosenbaum: Rev. Sci. Instrum. 43, 1540 (1972)
H.C. Meijer, G.J.C. Bots, G.M. Coops: Proc. 6th Int’l Cryogenic Engineering Conf., Grenoble (1976)
W.H. Warren Jr., W.G. Bader: Rev. Sci. Instrum. 40, 189 (1968)
R.G. Gylling: Acta Polytechn. Scand. Physics 81, 1 (1971)
H.C. Meijer, C. Beduz, T. Mathu: J. Phys. E 7, 424 (1974)
D. Dummer, P. Anderson, W. Weyhmann: Cryogenics 31, 388 (1991)
I.M. Khalatnikov: An Introduction to the Theory of Superfluidity (Benjamin, New York 1965 )
J.P. Harrison: J. Low Temp. Phys. 37, 467 (1979)
T. Nakayama: In Progress in Low Temperature Physics,Vol.7, ed. by D.F. Brewer (North-Holland, Amsterdam 1989) p.155 and references therein
A.C. Anderson, J.I. Connolly, J.C. Wheatley: Phys. Rev. A 135, 910 (1964)
A.C. Anderson, W.L. Johnson: J. Low Temp. Phys. 7, 1 (1972)
J.T. Folinsbee, A.C. Anderson: J. Low. Temp. Phys. 17, 409 (1974)
J.D. Siegwarth, R. Radebaugh: In Proc. 13th Intl Conf. Low Temp. Phys., ed. By K.D. Timmerhaus, W.J. O’Sullivan, E.F. Hammel (Plenum, New York 1973) p. 398, 401
W.E. Braun (ed.): Nonequilibrium Phonon Dynamics ( Plenum, New York 1985 )
A.R. Rutherford, J.P. Harrison, M.J. Stott: J. Low Temp. Phys. 55, 157 (1984)
M.C. Maliepard, J.H. Page, J.P. Harrison, R.J. Stubbs: Phys. Rev. B 32, 6261 (1985)
C.J. Lambert: J. Low Temp. Phys. 59, 123 (1985)
D. Burton, C.J. Lambert: J. Low. Temp. Phys. 64, 21 (1986)
K. Andres, W. Sprenger: In Proc. 14th Int’1 Con f. Low Temp. Phys., Vol.1, ed. by M. Krusius, M. Vuorio ( North-Holland, Amsterdam 1975 ) p. 123
W.R. Abel, A.C. Anderson, W.C. Black, J.C. Wheatley: Phys. Rev. Lett. 16, 273 (1966)
W.C. Black, A.C. Mota, J.C. Wheatley, J.H. Bishop, P.M. Brewster: J. Low Temp. Phys. 4, 391 (1971)
J.H. Bishop, D.W. Cutter, A.C. Mota, J.C. Wheatley: J. Low Temp. Phys. 10, 379 (1973)
M. Jutzler, A.C. Mota: J. Low Temp. Phys. 55, 439 (1984)
D. Marek, A.C. Mota, J.C. Weber: J. Low Temp. Phys. 63, 401 (1986)
A.J. Leggett, M. Vuorio: J. Low Temp. Phys. 3, 359 (1970)
D.L. Mills, M.T. Beal-Monod: Phys. Rev. A 10, 343, 2473 (1974)
O. Avenel, M.P. Berglund, R.G. Gylling, N.E. Philips, A. Vetleseter, M. Vuorio: Phys. Rev. Lett. 31, 76 (1973)
A.I. Ahonen, P.M. Berglund, M.T. Haikala, M. Krusius, O.V. Lounasmaa, M. Paalanen: Cryogenics 16, 521 (1976)
A.J. Ahonen, O.V. Lounasmaa, M.C. Veuro: J. Physique 39, Supp1. 8 (C6), 265 (1978)
O.E. Vilches, J.C. Wheatley: Rev. Sci. Instrum. 37, 819 (1988)
H. Franco, J. Bossy, H. Godfrin: Cryogenics 24, 477 (1984)
G. Frossati: J. Physique 39 (C6), 1578 (1978); J. Low Temp. Phys. (to be published 1992 )
D.D. Osheroff, L.R. Corruccini: Phys. Lett A 82, 38 (1981)
G.H. Oh, M. Nakagawa, H. Akimoto, O. Ishikawa, T. Hata, T. Kodama: Physica B 165 and 166 527 (1990) (Proc. 19th Int’1 Conf. on Low Temp. Phys.)
H. Chocholacs: Dissertation, KFA Jülich (1984) (JÚL-Report 1901 )
D.A. Ritchie, J. Saunders, D.F. Brewer: In Proc. 17th Int’l Conf. Low Temp. Phys., Vol.2, ed. by U. Eckern, A. Schmid, W. Weber, H. Wühl ( North-Holland, Amsterdam 1984 ) p. 743
D.D. Osheroff, R.C. Richardson: Phys. Rev. Lett. 54, 1178 (1985)
T. Perry, K. de Conde, J.A. Sauls, D.L. Stein: Phys. Rev. Lett. 48, 1831 (1982)
G.J. Stecher, Y. Hu, T.J. Gramila, R.C. Richardson: Physica B 165 and 166 525 (1990) (Proc. 19th Intl Conf. on Low Temp. Phys.)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1992 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Pobell, F. (1992). Thermal Contact and Thermal Isolation. In: Matter and Methods at Low Temperatures. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-08578-3_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-08578-3_4
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-662-08580-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-662-08578-3
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive