Abstract
Considering the possibility of liquid crystalline (LC) polymers at first, they seem to be difficult to achieve, because polymer chains usually adopt a statistical coil conformation, whereas LC-phases possess an orientational and/or a positional long-range order. Nevertheless, polymer chains can be combined with liquid crystallinity in two ways (see Fig. 3.1).
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Flory RI (1956) Phase equilibria in solutions of rod-like particles. Proc R Soc Lond Ser)A 234: 73
Finkelmann H, Ringsdorf H, Wendorff JH (1978) Model considerations and examples of enantiotropic liquid crystalline polymers. Makromol Chem 179: 2723
Shibaev VP, Platé NP, Freidzon YS (1979) Thermotropic liquid crystalline polymers, I: Cholesterol-containing polymers and copolymers. J Polym Sci Polym Chem Ed 17: 1655
Platé NA (1984) Liquid Crystal Polymers I-III. In: Gordon M (ed) Advances in polymer science, Vol 59–61. Springer, Berlin
Kwolek SL, Morgan PW, Schaefgen JR (1987) Liquid crystalline polymers. In: Encycl Polym Sci, Vol 9:1, (ed.)
Ballauff M (1989) Kettensteife Polymere. Struktur, Phasenverhalten and Eigenschaften. Angew Chem 101: 261
Weiss RA, Ober CK (1990) Liquid-Crystalline Polymers. American Chemical Society, Washington D.C., Vol 435
White JL (1985) Historical survey of polymer liquid crystals. J Appl Polym Sci Appl Polym Symp 41: 3
Noël C, Navard P (1991) Liquid crystal polymers. Prog Polym Sci 16: 55
Chiellini E, Lenz RW (1989) Main-chain mesogenic units. In: Allen G (ed) Comprehensive polymer science, Vol 5. Pergamon Press, Oxford, p 701
Blumstein A (1985) Nematic order in polyesters with flexible moieties in the main chain. Polymer J 17: 277
Yoon D, Bruckner S, Volksen W, Scott JC (1985) Configurational characteristics and nematic order of semiflexible thermotropic polymers. Faraday Discuss Chem Soc 79: 41
Yoon DY, Flory PJ (1989) Conformational rearrangement in the nematic phase of a polymer comprising rigid and flexible sequences in alternating succession. II. Theoretical results and comparison with experiments. Mat Res Soc Symp Proc 134: 11
Furaya H, Abe A, Fuhrmann K, Ballauff M, Fischer EW (1991) SQID Studies of Main-Chain Polymer Liquid Crystals and a Rotational Isomeric State Treatment of the Data. Macromolecules 24: 2999
D’Allest JF, Sixou JP, Blumstein A, Blumstein RB (1988) Small angle neutron scattering from liquid crystalline main chain polymers. Mol Cryst Liq Cryst 155: 581
Ballauff M (1993) Structure of liquid crystalline polymers. In: Cahn RW, Haasen P and Kramer EL (ed) Materials Science and Technology, Vol 12. VCH, Weinheim, p 214
Finkelmann H, Rehage G (1984) Liquid Crystal Side Chain Polymers. In: Gordon M (ed) Advances in Polymer Science, Vol 60/61. Springer, Berlin, p 100
Luckhurst GR (1979) The physics of liquid crystals. Academic Press, London
Flory PJ, Ronca G (1979) Theory of systems of rodlike particles. Mol Cryst Liq Cryst 54: 289
Wissbrun KF (1981) Rheology of rod-like polymers in the liquid crystalline state. J Rheology 25: 619
Caffey CE, Porter RS (1984) Steady shear flow of solutions of rodlike macromolecules. J Rheology 28: 249
McArdle CB (1989) Side Chain Liquid Crystal Polymers. Blackie and Son, Glasgow
Zentel R (1989) Polymers with Side-chain Mesogenic Units. In: Allen G (ed) Comprehensive polymer science, Vol 5. Pergamon Press, Oxford, p 723
Ringsdorf H, Voigt-Martin I, Wendorff J, Wüstefeld R, Zentel R (1991) Molecular Engineering of Liquid Crystalline Polymers. In: Fischer EW, Schulz RC and Sillescu H (ed) Chemistry and Physics of Macromolecules. VCH, Weinheim, p 21
Percec V, Tomazos D (1992) Molecular engineering of side-chain liquid-crystalline polymers by living cationic polymerization. Adv Mater 4: 548
Kato T, Fréchet JMJ (1989) Stabilization of a liquid-crystalline phase through non-covalent interaction with a polymer side chain. Macromolecules 22: 3813
Warner M (1989) The physical principles of side chain polymer liquid crystals. In: McArdle CB (ed) Side Chain Liquid Crystal Polymers. Blackie and Son, Glasgow, p 7
Stevens H, Rehage G, Finkelmann H (1984) Phase transformations of liquid crystalline side-chain oligomers. Macromolecules 17: 851
Spiess HW (1993) Structure and dynamics of liquid-crystalline polymers with different molecular architectures from multidimensional NMR. Ber Bunsenges Phys Chem 97: 1294
Davidson P, Noirez L, Cotton JP, Keller P (1991) Neutron scattering study and discussion of the backbone conformation in the nematic phase of a side chain polymer. Liq Cryst 10: 111
Noirez L, Pépy G, Keller P and Benguigui L (1991) Smectic order and backbone anisotropy of a side-chain liquid crystalline polymer by Small-Angle Neutron Scattering. J Phys II France 1: 821
Hardouin F, Mery S, Achard MF, Noirez L and Keller P (1991) Evidence for a jacketed nematic polymer. J Phys II 1: 511
Hessel F, Herr R-P, Finkelmann H (1987) Synthesis and characterization of biaxial nematic side chain polymers with laterally attached mesogenic groups. Makromol Chem 188: 1597
Davidson P, Levelut AM (1992) X-ray diffraction by mesomorphic comb-like polymers. Liq Cryst 11: 469
Voigt-Martin IG, Durst H (1989) High-resolution images of defects in liquid crystalline polymers in the smectic and crystalline phases. Macromolecules 22: 168
Zentel R, Strobl G, Ringsdorf H (1985) Dielectric relaxation of liquid crystalline polyacrylates and polymethacrylates. Macromolecules 18: 960
Kremer F (1992) Special topic issue: Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal Polymers. In: Lewin M (ed) Polymers for advanced technologies, Vol 3. John Wiley and Sons, Chichester, p 194
Poths H, Schönfeld A, Zentel R, Kremer F, Siemensmeyer K (1992) Structure-Property Relationship Determining the Spontaneous Polarization in FLC-Polymers. Adv Mater 4: 351
Kocot A, Wrzalik R, Vij JK, Zentel R (1994) Pyroelectric and electro-optical effects in the Sm C/ phase. J Appl Phys 75: 728
Ebert M, Herrmann-Schönherr O, Wendorff JH (1990) Sanidics: A new class of mesophases, displayed by highly substituted rigid-rod polyesters and polyamides. Liq Cryst 7: 63
Zentel R (1989) Liquid crystalline elastomers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl Adv Mater 28: 1407
Davis FJ (1993) Liquid-crystalline elastomers. J Mater Chem 3: 551
Finkelmann H (1991) LC Elastomers. In: Ciferri A (ed) Liquid Crystallinity in Polymers. VCH, Weinheim, p 331
Schätzle J, Kaufhold W, Finkelmann H (1989) Nematic elastomers: The influence of external mechanical stress on the liquid-crystalline phase behaviour. Makromol Chem 190: 3269
Valerien SU, Kremer F, Fischer EW, Kapitza H, Zentel R, Poths H (1990) Experimental proof of piezoelectricity in cholesteric and chiral smectic C/ phases of LC elastomers. Makromol Chem Rapid Commun 11: 593
Meier W, Finkelmann H (1993) Piezoelectricity of cholesteric elastomers. Macromolecules 26: 1811
Brehmer M, Zentel R, Wagenblast G, Siemensmeyer K (1994) Ferroelectric LC-Elastomers. Macromol Chem Phys 195, in press
Pleiner H, Brand M (1993) Piezoelectricity in cholesteric liquid crystalline structures. J Phys II 3: 1397
Terentjev EM, Warner M (1994) Continuum Theory of Ferroelectric Smectic C/ Elastomers. J Phys II 4, in press
Portugall M, Ringsdorf H, Zentel R (1982) Synthesis and phase behaviour of liquid crystalline polyacrylates. Makromol Chem 183: 2311
General
Ciferri A, Krigbaum WR, Meyer RB (eds) (1982) Polymer Liquid Crystals. Academic Press, New York.
Ciferri A (ed) (1991) Liquid Crystallinity in Polymers. Principles and Fundamental Properties. VCH, Weinheim
McArdle CB (ed) (1989) Side Chain Liquid Crystal Polymers. Blackie, Glasgow London
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1994 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Zentel, R. (1994). Liquid Crystalline Polymers. In: Stegemeyer, H., Behret, H. (eds) Liquid Crystals. Topics in Physical Chemistry, vol 3. Steinkopff, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-08393-2_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-08393-2_3
Publisher Name: Steinkopff, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-662-08395-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-662-08393-2
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive