Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Macroscopic Treatment of Surface Phenomena: Thermodynamics and Kinetics of Surfaces

  • Chapter
Introduction to Surface Physical Chemistry

Part of the book series: Topics in Physical Chemistry ((TOPPHYSCHEM,volume 1))

Abstract

To begin with, let us first define the term “surface”. We mean by it, simply the termination of the bulk state, that is to say, the region of a solid or liquid phase where the equations based on three-dimensionality are no longer sufficient to describe the complete physical state of the system. This definition implies that a surface is not necessarily confined to the topmost layer of atoms of a liquid or a crystal, but may consist of several such layers extending into the bulk, i.e., that region at or near the surface where the symmetry of the bulk is perturbed so as to give rise to altered interaction forces. This asymmetry is illustrated in Fig. 2.1 and is actually responsible for the peculiar behavior of surfaces and interfaces that lead to phenomena such as surface tension, capillary pressure or enhanced chemical reactivity of surfaces in general.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Clark A (1970) The Theory of Adsorption and Catalysis. Academic Press, New York

    Google Scholar 

  2. Hiemenz PC (1977) Principles of Colloid and Surface Chemistry, 1st edn. Dekker, New York

    Google Scholar 

  3. Bikerman J (1970) Physical Surfaces. Academic Press, New York

    Google Scholar 

  4. Jaycock MJ, Parfitt GD (1981) Chemistry of Interfaces. Ellis Horwood Ltd., Chichester

    Google Scholar 

  5. Wedler G (1979) Chemisorption. Butterworths, London

    Google Scholar 

  6. Young DM, Crowell AD (1962) Physical Adsorption of Gases. Butterworths, London

    Google Scholar 

  7. Dash JG (1975) Films on Solid Surfaces. Academic Press, New York

    Google Scholar 

  8. Hayward DO, Trapnell BMW (1964) Chemisorption. 2nd edn. Butterworths, London

    Google Scholar 

  9. Cerny S (1983) Energy and Entropy of Adsorption. In: King DA, Woodruff DP, (eds) The Chemical Physics of Solid Surfaces and Heterogeneous Catalysis, vol 2. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 1–57

    Google Scholar 

  10. Miller AR (1949) The Adsorption of Gases on Solids. Cambridge University Press, London

    Google Scholar 

  11. Steele WA (1974) The Interaction of Gases with Solid Surfaces. Pergamon Press, Oxford

    Google Scholar 

  12. Roberts MW (1960) Heats of Chemisorption of Simple Diatomic Molecules on Metals. Nature 188:1021–1021

    Google Scholar 

  13. Tanaka K, Takamura K (1963) A General Rule in Chemisorption of Gases on Metals. J Catal 2:366–370

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Goldmann F, Polanyi M (1928) Adsorption von Dämpfen an Kohle und die Wärmeausdehnung der Benetzungsschicht. Z Phys Chem 132:321–370

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Christmann K, Demuth JE (1982) Interaction of Inert Gases with a Nickel (100) Surface. I. Adsorption of Xenon. Surface Sci 120:291–318

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Palmberg PW (1971) Physical Adsorption of Xenon on Pd(100). Surface Sci 25:598–608

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Tracy JC, Palmberg PW (1969) Structural Influences on Adsorbate Binding Energy. I. Carbon Monoxide on (100) Palladium. J Chem Phys 51:4852–4862

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Christmann K, Schober O, Ertl G, Neumann M (1974) Adsorption of Hydrogen on Nickel Single Crystal Surfaces. J Chem Phys 60:4528–4540

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Mignolet JCP (1950) Studies in Contact Potentials. II. Vibrating Cells for the Vibrating Condenser Method. Disc Faraday Soc 8:326–329

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Redhead PA (1962) Thermal Desorption of Gases. Vacuum 12:203–211

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. King DA (1975) Thermal Desorption from Metal Surfaces: A Review. Surface Sci 47:384–402

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Menzel D (1975) Desorption Phenomena. In: Gomer R, (ed) Interactions on Metal Surfaces, Topics in Applied Physics, vol. 4, Springer, Berlin New York, pp. 101–142

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  23. Peterman LA (1972) Thermal Desorption Kinetics of Chemisorbed Gases. In: Progress in Surface Science, vol. 3. Pergamon Press, Oxford, pp. 2–61

    Google Scholar 

  24. Ehrlich G (1963) Modern Methods in Surface Kinetics. Flash Desorption, Field Emission Microscopy, and Ultrahigh Vacuum Techniques. Adv Cat Rel Subj 14:256–427

    Google Scholar 

  25. Langmuir I (1918) The Adsorption of Gases on Plane Surfaces of Glass, Mica and Platinum. J Am Chem Soc 40:1361

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Temkin MJ, Pyzhev V (1940) Kinetics of Ammonia Synthesis on Promoted Iron Catalysts. Acta physicochim USSR 12:327–356

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Brunauer S, Emmett PH, Teller E (1938) Adsorption of Gases in Multimolecular Layers. J Am Chem Soc 60:309–319

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Hiemenz PC (1977) Principles of Colloid and Surface Chemistry, 1st edn. Dekker, New York, pp. 322ff.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Clark A (1970) The Theory of Adsorption and Catalysis. Academic Press, New York, p. 42

    Google Scholar 

  30. Gadzuk JW, Holloway S, Mariani C, Horn K (1982) Temperaturabhängige Linienbreiten im Photoelektronenspektrum von physisorbiertem Xenon. Verh Dtsch Phys Ges 5:935

    Google Scholar 

  31. Miranda R, Daiser S, Wandelt K, Ertl G (1983) Thermodynamics of Xenon Adsorption on Pd(S)[8(100)x(110)]: From Steps to Multilayers. Surface Sci 131:61–91

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Behm RJ, Christmann K., Ertl G, van Hove MA (1980) Adsorption of CO on Pd(100). J Chem Phys 73:2984–2995;

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Behm RJ, Christmann K, Ertl G (1980) Adsorption of Hydrogen on Pd(100). Surface Sci 99:320–340

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Everett HD (1957) Some Developments in the Study of Physical Adsorption. Proc Chem Soc 37:38–53

    Google Scholar 

  35. Hill TL (1960) Introduction in Statistical Thermodynamics. Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA

    Google Scholar 

  36. Laidler KJ (1987) Chemical Kinetics, 3rd ed. Harper and Row, New York

    Google Scholar 

  37. Johnston HS (1966) Gas Phase Reaction Rate Theory. Ronald Press, New York

    Google Scholar 

  38. Glasstone S, Laidler KJ, Eyring H (1941) The Theory of Rate Processes. McGraw-Hill, New York, p. 347

    Google Scholar 

  39. Morris MA, Bowker M, King DA (1984) Kinetics of Adsorption, Desorption, and Diffusion at Metal Surfaces, In: Bamford CH, Tipper CFH, Compton RG, (eds) “Simple Processes at the Gas-Solid-Interface”, Comprehensive Chemical Kinetics, vol. 19. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 1–179

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  40. Pfnür H, Feulner P, Engelhardt HA, Menzel D (1978) An example of “fast” desorption: Anomalously high pre-exponentials for CO desorption from Ru(001). Chem Phys Lett 59:481–486

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Freien Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 1000, Berlin 33, Germany

    Prof. Dr. Klaus Christmann

Authors
  1. Prof. Dr. Klaus Christmann
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1991 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Christmann, K. (1991). Macroscopic Treatment of Surface Phenomena: Thermodynamics and Kinetics of Surfaces. In: Introduction to Surface Physical Chemistry. Topics in Physical Chemistry, vol 1. Steinkopff, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-08009-2_2

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-08009-2_2

  • Publisher Name: Steinkopff, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-7985-0858-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-662-08009-2

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation